Observations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Observations - Assignment voiceDescribe completely observed traveling.The chimps depicts quadrupedalism in which four legs are used while walking on the ground. In addition, there is bipedalism as the hands are used to look for food and eating. Brachiation is alike patent as the chimps moves from one tree or branch to the other.Describe the behavior and interactions you observe. What do the primates do? Try to identify the arouse and bounteous/juvenile/infant age course of study of the participants. Do adults behave differently with infants than with juveniles or other adults? How does their sex affect interactions? Note both behaviors and responses to them.The issue ones appears aggressive in the group. They play amongst each other. Mostly, they follow the guidance of the male in the group and also tries to seek the attention of the male. Their mothers also carry the young as they move from one place to the other.What forms of locomotion do you observe? (quadrupedalism, bip edalism, brachiation, knuckle-walking...) Under what circumstances are they using the different methods of locomotion? Describe ALL observed locomotions.Describe the behavior and interactions you observe. What do the primates do? Try to identify the sex and adult/juvenile/infant age category of the participants. Do adults behave differently with infants than with juveniles or other adults? How does their sex affect interactions? Note both behaviors and responses to them.Grooming (describe it. Self-grooming, pairs, multiple individuals? Do some get more than they feed in?) The gorilla are seen grooming in pairs. This is evident as the male groom the female as a way of getting intimate.What forms of locomotion do you observe? (quadrupedalism, bipedalism, brachiation, knuckle-walking...) Under what circumstances are they using the different methods of locomotion? Describe ALL observed locomotion.Describe the behavior and interactions you observe. What do

Personal Obsession in The Emperors Babe and Purple Hibiscus Essay

Personal Obsession in The Emperors Babe and Purple Hibiscus - assay ExampleEven before they reach adulthood they go through enormous upheavals in their lives. Moreover, their stories assemble into a colonial discourse with attendant features of cultural displacement, social alienation and economic exploitation. There is and another interesting similarity between the two heroines, namely, their soulfulnessal obsessions. But the objects of their obsessions are not the same. Likewise, secondary characters in the two stories have obsessions of their own. This essay endeavors to show how there are a range of mental dispositions among various characters which account for their obsessions and how the authors own obsessions bear upon them. The Emperors Babe is a fresh and brilliant verse narrative of a young woman in Ancient Rome. Born into poverty and slavery, she is unify aside (or rather sold off) when she was merely el as yet to a wealthy patrician a a couple of(prenominal) ti mes her age. Despite constraints to her liberty and growth from all sides, Zuleika yet manages to assert her individuality. It is perhaps due to these tendinous extraneous forces acting on her life that she sought refuge in an inner sanctum. This clinging manifests as obsessions of various sorts. For one, her insecurities made her a little aggressive towards others. Aggression expressed regularly betrays an underlying obsession with insecurity. This encroachment is also manifest in her sexual behavior, whereby, her attractiveness and youth serves as a source of authorisation over men. As the short and eventful life of the adolescent girl unfolds through Evaristos melodic prose, more dimensions to her heroines obsessions are unraveled. Zuleikas grow Anlamani is obsessed with his own position in society. He sees an opportunity to climb up the social ladder by marrying his beautiful daughter to a person of prestige. The person he has in mind is Mr. Felix, a wealthy aristocrat of t he Roman Empire. He is kind of older to Zuleika (who was just 11 at the time of being betrothed). Anlamani resorts to a menially worded marriage whirl to Mr. Felix. For example, he says, Si, Mr. Felix. Zuleika very obediens girl, sir. / No problemata, she make very optima wife, sir. (Evaristo, p.27) This pitch from Anlamani makes it clear that his daughters advantageously being is secondary compared to his own selfish motive. Likewise, Felix is a man with his own obsessions. In his case he is obsessed with power. Having a pretty young wife would add to his prestige. He can show her off in his social circles as a trophy wife. That he is obsessed with power and prestige is seeming(a) in his response to Anlamanis offer of marriage I intend to make this my far-western base/ and I need to warm my home with a wife./ I am a man of multiple interests a senator,/ military man, businessman, I undertake/ trading missions for the government,/ and Im a landowner. (Evaristo, p.29) Kambili is obsessed over her relationship with Father Amadi. She travel in love with him. Although the Father also loves her, he could not consummate his love due to his commitments to church building and community. Her love is expressed overtly and covertly on a few occasions. As Zambilii says wittily tribe have crushes on priests all the time, you know. Its exciting to have to deal with God as a rival.(Adichie, p.89) However, Kambilis obsessive love for Father Amadi pales in comparison to the religious obsession of her own father Eugene. Kambilis father, Papa as she calls him, is very possessive of his son and daughter. He imposes his authority on them to even the smallest detail. In other words he is obsessive of his son and daughter to the extent of being a control freak. For example, Papa sat down at the table and poured his tea from the china tea coterie with pink flowers on

Blow. A Film Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Blow. A Film Analysis - seek ExampleThe character of Jung was portrayed by Johnny Depp. The film highlighted George Jungs life as a drug dealer. It included the onset of his life as a dealer of marijuana in atomic number 20 until his climactic success in the setting up of the cocaine market in America.As a person, at that place were two major facets of his life, mavin was his family and another was his job. During the early part of his life, Jungs father give the sack be considered as a positive influence for him especially through the lessons that he had taught young Jung. He was a moral and hard working person who gave importance to integrity. This can be considered as one of the reasons that Jung grew up to be a person who works hard for his dream. Although this was the case, the young Jung had been a witness to the hardship that occurred to his father in terms of his job which is followed by problems in his marriage. The movie explored the issue of drug call and the effect s of illegal drug transactions. Although this was the main and apparent subject matter, one of the implied issues in the film is parenting. cosmos a parent had been one of the most important factors that affected the characters in the movie.Upon watching the movie Blow, there were different lessons that had been perceived. One was the importance of the guidance of the parents to the children. Another was the importance of choosing the goodness over other things much(prenominal) as money, influence and material comfort. As what George Jung said in the film, choosing money over loved ones was neer worth it.

Australian Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Australian make-up - Essay ExampleJustice M.D. Kirby (1997) succinctly highlights the difficulties in this manner I have elsewhere tried and true to point out that the Australian Constitution can be viewed as reflecting a struggle, which is still ongoing, amidst British and United States elements captured in its text. (The Honourable Justice M D Kirby AC CMG, 1997)In 1992 in Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth the High Court struck down the governmental Broadcasts and Political Disclosures Act 1991 (Cth) which restricted political advertising on the electronic media during Federal, State, Territory and local elections. In doing so, it recognized that the Australian Constitution contains an implied freedom to discuss political matters. This freedom was primarily derived from sections 7 and 24 of the Constitution, which respectively provide that the members of the Senate and the House of Representatives shall be ... directly chosen by the people. As federal laws pa ssed under section 51 of the Constitution are passed subject to this Constitution, such laws are invalid if they infringe the implied freedom (William, George (b) 1996-97).The evidence for the High Court decision was web. The implied freedom took precedence over Political Broadcasts and Political Disclosures Act 1991. Or, the implied freedom was implicitly clear while the written law was irrelevant. The Australian constitution does not guarantee freedom of speech. However, the court rule in favor of Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd quoting implied freedom. The learned judge ruled on the merits of the case. Had he ruled on the basis of the written constitution, he would have ruled otherwise (William, George (b) 1996-97).The constitution is a powerful document. It is the overriding and supreme determinant. However, sometimes there are verdicts that appear to have little to do with the constitution. At times, they also appear to run counter to the constitution. Nonetheless, th e judges are in better localisation to provide the ruling.The ruling reinforces what many believe that the Australian constitution is a little more than a legal document. In other words, the Australian constitution must be taken with a plagiarise of salt. Does this also mean that this constitution is inconsistent and has inadequacies No responsible judge will be anticipate to make such sweeping remarks. However, there could be a silent consensus on what the constitution ought to be (Justice and the Rule of Law).Disputes arise that demand a constitutional resolution. These disputes are handled by legal specialists and settled in the courts. But from time to time, controversies occur, drawing the countrys attention to its constitution. These raise major national questions about whether acts of government or parliament, decisions or actions of officials are constitutional, that is, whether they are authorized by the ultimate source of law and power in Australia (Justice and the

E-commerce and M-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

E-commerce and M-commerce - Essay ExampleIf E-commerce and M-commerce matters for development, it is not because the are the florid or more convenient styluss of doing shopping but they allows allow enterprises to operate efficiently with their profession partners including their production sites, vendors and point of sales.For an Internet user to become an e-commerce customer, a much higher frequency of devil is necessary in order to acquire the familiarity with the e-business proceeding and payment systems. This is more required for the B2B traders, where the order of order of their exposure to Internet etiquette must be more than a normal user.Contradicting the above general assumption, a survey conducted by IDC in 2002 there is a gap found between the Internet users and e-commerce tax income in the developing and developed countries. This shows that the usage of Internet does not directly imply the e-business attitude.Where as, the M-Commerce does not of necessity require more adequacy of such involvement with the mobile devise or operating the m-commerce applications. The suit behind this could be attributed to the low involvement and less choice of options for the customer to choose between period buying something through mobile phone. In other terms, mobile commerce involves a quick decisiveness for buying, by simply replying to the message alert for the sale offer or saying yes to the chosen option. The prevalence of E-commerce has led people to research and form the strategically options to push the sales through Internet in the recent years. Some researches stated that lower per capita incomes, low credit card usage, lack of relevant Products and military service to buy in near places, and lack of logistics and fulfillments are the factors influencing the buying behaviors of the users on E-commerce. Though these should be the selfsame(prenominal) factors influencing the buying behavior of the M-Commerce also, rather than clear evidence of that, one could perceive some thing else appall that the above for the influence of M-Commerce buying patterns.E-commerce trading is more seen between B2B or Business to Government types of transactions than Business to Consumer. This adoption could be linked with their capacity to integrate themselves into regional and global supply chains. At the enterpriselevel, this requires being able to meet technological and organizational challenges. At the country level, the digital and the material layers of the national economies have to be connected in congruence. Thus E-commerce opens more trading between unlike foreign countries. Where as M-commerce, due to the localized service operators, has the limitation of global restriction with the service options special within the geographical regions. Beyond technological limitations, the logistics and Policy regulations are also the other factors for this shortage. May be the still emerging of M-commerce could resolve such type of hindra nces in a very short future depending on the nature of service expansions.While looking at the scenario of operations, E-commerce offers a more popular way of shopping than the other, through PC, laptops and palm tops. The purchasers of the Internet

The Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Business Environment - Essay ExampleSole proprietorship which is alike called single proprietorship is the simplest form of a furrow organization (Horgren et al 2000). In this fructify up, an individual establishes an organization and expelling it alone. A married couple who opts to open a small store can also be considered as a sole proprietorship. This type of business organization is seen to be the easiest to establish because it lacks the legal formalness and other arrangements since there is only one owner. In terms of accounting, sole proprietorship also requires the simplest procedures. No corporate taxes ar paid but the taxes on income are considered personal taxes. However, sole proprietorship is subject to the difficulty of raising capital from other individuals and financial intermediaries. Also, the owner shoulder all the risks associated in the operations. league is the form of business organization where two or to a greater extent partners share in the profit which is commonly determined by the amount of resources and assets that they share in starting the business (Keown et al 2005). In this set up, the business organization is benefited through the number of people which shares knowledge and skills in running the company. Income taxes are also deducted in the personal taxes paid by each of the partners. However, the number of owners can also become a problem especially in terms of decision making and profit sharing.Corporation is a business organization which has numerous owners all of which are separate entities to the business organization (Fraser and Orniston 2004). It should be noted that owners are insulated from the liabilities of the corporation since they are only liable for the amount that they invested. This form of business organization enjoys the benefit of having more individuals to fund the companys projects and activities through selling of stocks. Also, stockholders are not necessarily managers of the company which de legates the obligation to

Final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Final paper - Essay ExampleA securities attention is said to be in sodding(a) disceptation when there atomic number 18 a large number of buyers and sellers perfectly aware of the market prices, and no firm is large enough to have any economic power all over the industry (Amacher & Pate, 2013). The two main characteristics of a perfect market are low barriers to entry and exit, i.e. any unsanded firm can enter the market because of no restrictions such as high setup cost, judicial barriers or any other. All the firms are earning normal profit as there is strong competition within the industry. Secondly, homogenous products are produced, i.e. all products are identical or standardized and are alters of separately other, thus sharing the same price as well (Amacher & Pate, 2013).An imperfect competition is where there are not many producers in the market and there is less competition as buyers and sellers are not fully aware of the prices so different prices exist for same pro duct in the market (Amacher & Pate, 2013). thither are three forms of an imperfect marketUnder this structure, there are few sellers as compared with perfect competition and the products produced are differentiated due to branding, which gives the producer a way to have his own determine policy and thus can earn more than normal profits (Amacher & Pate, 2013).There are a few suppliers in the market in this structure, and every supplier has a substantial control over the prices, and output produced because few suppliers control the entire supply in the market. There is strong rival awareness because of the interdependence of suppliers. There is a possibility of product differentiation as well as substitute products, and the price-output policy of each supplier depends upon the degree of homogeneity or heterogeneity (Amacher& Pate, 2013).There is a iodine seller or producer who controls the entire market. As he

Visual analysis of an artwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Visual analysis of an art spring - Essay ExampleThe appreciations of artifice as a signifi houset and integral part of the society lead to the development of Visual humanistic discipline and Film Studies as a discipline of study by the scholars. In that respect, this paper seeks to give a vivid description of the Georges Seurats A Sunday on La Grande gatte which offers a nice scene. This marvelous tack of art is found in M ingestionum of Modern Art, New York, New York, the United States of America and reflects the wonderful temperament of Art . Seurats balance is care uprighty positioned and proportioned so that the entire shit is interesting to look at. The river to the left is full of yachts and rowing boats, while this balance is matched by the closely placed large figures to the right (Seurat and Hajo 36).In the center of the work is a flurry of activity, which makes the paintings center as appealing to look at as the left and the right. patronage the activity in the fracti on, however, the artists placing of his figures lends a degree of formality and static to his flip-flop.His decision to only depict population facing sideways or straight on makes the entire scene seem very stern and like toy soldiers, which was a criticism leveled against the artist at the time. Seurat utilizes this blending technique through his use of derrieres. In traditional painting, shadows are primarily represented by the color black. Following the principles of pointillism, Seurat is able to specialise his shadows by the color that they come into contact with. The skirts of the women provide the best examples for this. The clothing of the women in the center of the piece seems to be casting a blue shadow on the ground (Seurat and Hajo 37). Seurats shadows here are not being defined by traditional means but are instead a gang of the colors in its proximity. Here the mix of thou provides a blue shadow, which does not follow the conventions of shadow casting. Such a dif ferent approach in the creation of shadows is repeated in the make of the muliebrity on the right. Where the mix of miniature and green casts a yellow halo for the trees the same effect is mimicked here. The womans dress creates a slight yellow line before the onset of the shadow and this yellow hue can be seen particularly towards the back of her skirt. Furthermore, the shadow of her dress is a slight shade of blue as Seurats green grass dots intermingle with the dress blue and purple dots (Seurat and Hajo 39). Seurats use of light is one of the unique points of the piece. The work is vibrantly portrayed and the magnificence of the sun bathes the scenes inhabitants in a celestial mid-afternoon glow. Where the technique of pointillism shows its unique aspect is where the light from the left comes into contact with people and objects in the piece. The blend of such(prenominal) colors is pointillisms primary concern and as its founder Seurats work epitomizes the technique. The tree line at the top of the painting is one example of such a blended effect. The luminous bright white day to the upper left section of the piece steadily becomes less and less white until it blends seamlessly with the vibrant greens of the trees leaves. Seurats technique means that such circumstantial dots of white are placed next to dots of green until the relevant effect is actualized (Seurat and Hajo 46).The mix of white and green creates a halo like yellow in parts before it turns fully into green. Seurats techniq

Corporate finance and Financial Accounting Essay

Corporate finance and Financial Accounting - Essay ExampleHowever, it is the responsibility of the governing to formulate and implement appropriate strategies to deal with risks. For this case, the management of XYZ opted for acquisition of the company. XYZ sold itself to ABC International in exchange for $8.2 billion. After the acquisition, XYZ estimated that the worth of its shares would be placed at $100 per share. After the acquisition, ABC would stupefy the sole responsibility of selling the XYZs stock exchange affects situated in different countries that admit Netherlands, Belgium and Portugal. ABC Internationals operations ABC International is a leading global doer that deals with exchanges and the market for various forms of contracts ranging from agriculture to equity index. The corporation is based in the United Kingdom with its operations in Russell, Europe and some parts of the United States. The company operated under ABC Intl as the trade mark and name. The company is managed by a board of directors, who set high standards that help in day-to-day management of the company. However, there exist guidelines and regulations of the organization that must be followed from time to time, subject to adaptation by the board of directors. This ensures a fulfillment of the best interests of the organization in line with the rules and regulations of the company. ... The companys pecuniary analysis is as presented below Valuation ratio P/E Current 20.27 P/E proportionality (with extraordinary items) 20.27 P/E Ratio (without extraordinary items) 16.46 Price to Sales Ratio 6.61 Price to Book Ratio 2.46 Price to Cash Flow Ratio 12.39 first step Value to EBITDA 11.19 Enterprise Value to Sales 8.02 numerate Debt to Enterprise Value 0.13 Efficiency Revenue/Employee 1.27 Income per Employee 0.51 Receivables Turnover 10.34 add up addition Turnover 0.04 For the liquidity ratio, the current and the quick ratio both stand at 1.04 while the notes ration remains at 0.05 Profitability ratio Gross edge 70.00 Operating Margin 60.00 Pretax Margin 57.50 Net Margin 40.00 Return on Assets 1.20 Return on Equity 16.30 Return on Total Capital 12.50 Return on Invested Capital 12.88 Capital Structure Total Debt to Total Equity 30.00 Total Debt to Total Capital 20.50 Total Debt to Total Assets 3.00 Long-Term Debt to Equity 26.50 Long-Term Debt to Total Capital 20.00 precept for the acquisition The acquisition would ensure improvement in the ranking of the XYZ Corporation in the stocks exchange market. This is because of the fortify of products and leadership (Ehrhardt & Brigham, 2011). After the completion of the acquisition, the new company will focus on the improvement of financial services, leading to high growth potential. Diversification of risks will attract more investors to invest in the company, accordingly growth and expansion of the company (Nofsinger, Kim & Mohr, 2010). In addition, existing investors will be certain of their investment s, whereas the same venture will aim at increasing shareholders wealth through improved profitability. encyclopedism

SABMiller's takeover of Fosters Implementation task Essay

SABMillers takeover of Fosters Implementation task - Essay ExampleFor instance, British business ending is much formal and there approach is more money oriented. British employees like to engage in work with people, besides the management and leadership put much high emphasis on organic law structure.The Australian culture on the other hand is less formal and casual in patronage situations and above all organization rather than the workforce is the key motivator. Australian managers like to take station part in the employee progress and have an environment similar to a coaching culture. Additionally, the Australians are more performance oriented rather than power oriented. This is a clear indication that unless SABMiller addresses these imminent cultural differences, the takeover bid may suffer a big blow. The Australian culture will certainly sterilise leadership and management precedence to its organizations, which will be emulated by various managers and leaders.Marvin Weis bord six boxes model, which include purposes, structure, leadership, relationship, reward, and face-saving mechanisms, can effectively be used to solve SABMiller takeover bid challenges. Purposes calls for the management to analyse the extremity to which organization goals are clear, fits its vision and is upheld by everyone (Sharma , 2007 72). Structure is the next element, it focuses on how work and communication flows in the organization. Relationships require management to assess the relationship between organization members, people and technology. Reward calls for management to get a line what to recognize. Leadership calls for specific leadership style to be applied. Helpful mechanism calls for adequate coordination techniques (Shapiro, 2010).Kotters 8-Step Change nonplus is also the best solution to SABMiller takeover challenges. Step calls for the management to create urgency by publicizing the urgency around the indispensableness for change (Coutts, 2007). Forming a p owerful coalition involves convincing everyone about the need for change while

ABC Health Care Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

first rudiment Health C ar - Research Paper ExampleThe company is losing its stimulate on the market, as nearly as missing in comply flows and revenues from the poor quality of healthcare networks currently operated by the company. As such, the main aim of this analysis of the requirements of technological analysis of the healthcare is to come up with advancedfangled ways and strategies that would enable the company make the best out of its networks, as is the case for both its swear as well as untrusted clients. This is a very critical aspect of the new design victimization as it enables the company to restrain high security levels. As such, this control of accessibility for both true as well as malicious users of the system forms the utmost importance of the safety and security of the direction system of ABC Health Care. The threat that the company faces through the usage of im neat management systems does non remain solely to the outside malicious users. However, this similarly relates to the legitimate users engages in the illegitimate activities. The securities of the companys website as well as other critical factors that affect the normal operations of the business are critical in maintaining the security of tout ensemble systems. The new design of network development would embarrass a high-level performance through the incorporation of consistent delivery system. The new design should include decorous support systems of the business as well as bridge a balance the security requirements without grounding of significant overhead and complexities that may arise in network use and development. Other important aspects that the new design of network should address include the possibility of maintenance and enhancement of security without incurring a significant increase in the overheads of management or other related complexities. This also incorporates the implementation of systems that are supported by the industry, such as meeting the app ropriate standards set by the industry, as well as being scalable and tolerant to faults. The implementation of the designs should also assist in ensuring compliance with alone the applicable regulations within the market as well as within the industry. To close it up, the system should also have proper access control for both legitimate as well as malicious users. In order to achieve maximum success through the proper usage of the network systems of the ABC Health Care, the analysts should consider the all the related factors to the development of a consistent network system that ensures proper returns as well as provide its clients with the best service deliveries. In addition, the company should also include both internal as well external aspects of network development in improving its technical designs. This is through the considerations that the untrusted aspects of network connectivity would include connectivity of users to the internet, whereas the trusted network would main ly deal with the purpose of supporting all business functions, as well as ensuring that the company overcomes it current flaws in network connectivity. Some of the tangled business function that this new vision should address would include the suppliers of the company, as well as the partners. These persons or groups have a secure business relationship with the company and assist in its day-to-day operations for culmination into a successful end of a fiscal year. The system designers can also come up with a Network Intrusion Prevention System appliance in order to maintain and uphold the security of the health care system. This is a

Transformational Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Transformational Leadership - Essay ExampleAccording to the studytransformational leadership sort is the kind of a leader the author ams. This is a kind of leadership style that believes in building relationships as sanitary as motivating his fellow collogues at work. The motivation works well because they have a fantasy and mission that we all want to achieve together as a team. Naturally, the reporter is charismatic he believes that communication is the basis of every relationship that works well. Most of the times he works confidently so that he can inspire his staff, command respect from them in addition to loyalty.From this paper it is garner thatone vivid memory of a time the author was commensurate to implement transformational leadership style is when the hospital had inadequate equipment. Such a situation hinders a conducive working environment for nurses. He wrote to the board of the hospital on the issue and ensured that the equipment was purchased.His staffs were ver y happy and were able to perform well at work. There was also a time when they had an emergency case, and they had more than thirty patients being brought to the hospital. The author was able to coordinate the situation beforehand by assigning each and every nurse their role. It was a elusive job, but they managed thanks to his loyal team who gave their best shot.As a student nurse, the author worked down the stairs the strict supervision of a nurse who was an authoritarian. He always dreaded the days he do a mistake or any of other students for that matter.

Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

naming 3 - Essay ExampleThe loony toons of view being taken from the individual is purely by a profit or notes-making mindset. Concerns such as data security and data storage atomic consider 18 literally thrown out the window, as social media is purely seen as a selling point for companies and individuals alike. Using social media for the affable and leisurely means of communication across transnational borders for family and friends is not in the mindset of the individual in the aforementi 1d conversation. The notion of making money while you sleep has been discussed wide in internet marketing and social media marketing circles throughout the past decade so often so that individuals coming into the profession of social media marketing are led to believe that they too bed make money while they literally are asleep. Yet there are a number of facets, both moral and ethical, that must be considered when using individual data from social networks for the purpose of publicizing t hrough social media networks. How would nodes react if, whilst completing their online banking, they were to see an advertisement pop-up offering a meal tax write-off at the latest restaurant they went to? Undoubtedly customers could become a bit finicky when they begin to ca-ca their spending habits are not only being tracked, but are actively used to barely promote additional products and services. People hate to be sold, yet a pop-up on a customers screen may just be the trigger to earn even more money from them. According to data obtained from the World Bank on worldwide internet users (Internet users as region of population, 2012) 32.77% of the worlds population is now using the internet. All people of the aforementioned percentage would be interacting with some dust of social media, whether it is Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, Google, Yahoo, and so on. The potential of advertising through such mediums in an useful and visually aesthetic way is unfathomable. College dropout s are turning into overnight internet multimillionaires as they are set-back to understand the power of social media marketing. The golden years of elderly experienced working hard for ones money by working 10, 12, 14 or even 16 hours per day has been replaced with unripe moguls, who with a keyboard, a mouse and internet access have the capabilities to begin running their own online melodic line from the comfort of their own home with no prior qualifications or experience required. Evans (2010) states individuals are able to expand the use of social media marketing more than just by selling and promoting it is through the use of impelling dream-like visualisation from the business owner to the prospective buyer which will entice them to purchase a situation product. Today, entrepreneurs have taken quickly towards information selling and using social media as a form of exponentially increasing their brand awareness. Where previously, word of mouth was predominantly seen as a bu siness device driver in future sales, today it is simply the click of a Like button on Facebook, or a photo or instant tweet to friends on Twitter which will determine the success and viability of a company. Business owners will also need to embrace social media marketing and use it to its fullest potential. A number of traditional offline businesses such as postal services are starting to move towards wagon train a greater portion of their business activities towards the online arena.

Case Study - Writing a Management Consulting Letter to client Amanda

- Writing a steering Consulting Letter to client Amanda - Case Study ExampleExpansion should thus depend on friendly and economic factors such as consumer tastes and preferences. Through planning, Amanda and his workers can describe what they want to secure and how they want to get to it by providing a detailed description of how the objectives will be realized. Organizing human, physical and financial resources Amanda should develop and assess procedures that support the mission of the business and address specific necessarily. Failing to determine the best way to calculate resources including mortalnel and resources may be a recipe for organizational failure. She should apply accepted oversight principles and practices that contact to personnel, financial and operational issues that directly affect the business. Having a well-written policy helps the business to address the procedures that support the needs of the business and its programs (Siobham, Morley & Forley, 2013 ). Human, physical, and financial resources argon needed by this young firm in order to achieve its vision and they should be strategically aligned in such a manner as to get through the organizations goals. She should realize that human, capital, and financial resources are transformational tools to an institution and modify it to achieve its functions. People who manage the business are an important component of its success and they should distinguish themselves with diligence, innovation, and dedication to the mission of the business (Robbins & DeCenzo, 2010 Shuck & Wollard, 2009). Each person should have his duty clearly defined and targets set at bottom required timeframes to avoid laxity within the business. He should also share and develop the mission statement each time they are in a managerial meeting (Taylor, 2010). Perhaps the most difficult aspect of the organization is to handle the financial resources since there are several key components that need to be considere d (Raja & Palanchamy, 2011). Leadership skills Leadership and management essential go hand in hand since they are linked together in business horizontal though they are not the same (Perkins, 2008). Any effort by a business whether tolerant or small to separate the two functions of a business is a recipe for failure and more(prenominal) problems for the business. As a manager, Amanda should plan, organize, and coordinate all the activities of the business and the same time acts as a attraction by inspiring and motivating the employees of his small firm. Employees of today look at their manager as a leader and he should not assign trust but define for them a purpose in their jobs (Jackson, Meyer & Wang, 2012). She should organize workers to maximize efficiency and to nurture, develop talent and inspire results and this will ensure that the company rest effective and profitable with time (Wollard & Shuck, 2011). A leader should be in a position to entrust feedback to the concer ned people to avoid any mistake that is likely to occur in the course of management (Carter and Greer, 2013). Amanda should make his employees provide him with feedback concerning the nature of their duties and he should also provide them with feedback on how he manages the business. Management should clearly define goals of his team to ensure that they know what they are working to achieve and by what means and to enable them prioritize their workload. Recruitment process should be conducted in a slow but sure

Semantics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Semantics - Essay ExampleFor instance, the declare Annie looked at people wearing glass can suppose that Annie was looking at people who were wearing glasses themselves, or it can mean that Annie was wearing glasses while looking at people. These two different inwardnesss have a very large impact on the effectiveness of the sentence. Related to ambiguity is the race between sentence meaning and utterance meaning. Put simply, sentence meaning is independent of background, and utterance meaning is dependent upon context (Lyons 38). However, the relationship between the two is hardly simple, and many cases of ambiguity are a result of the differences between the two Perceived discrepancies between sentence meaning and utterance meaning give rise to the frequently asked interrogatory What did s/he mean when s/he said that? (Allan 43). It would not be appropriate to tackle to determine whether one was to a greater extent important than the other because they are used for two dif ferent situations. wiz might as well ask whether having a context or not having a context was more important to the study of semantics.As stated, sentence meaning is independent of context, though there is more to the definition that needs to be considered. For instance, the sequence of words obviously has to be possible in a given language, and it has to be complete in a given sense. There would be no buck in attempting to examine the meaning of a sentence such as Chomskys example. The meaning of the sentence England is an island is easy to discern. England, as a country, is a familiar entity, and the c erstwhilept of an island being a land-mass completely environ by water is also well-known. Looking at any map, the fact that England is a land-mass that is completely surrounded by water is not a difficult thought to grasp.Utterance meaning is used by a speaking on a particular occasion and is dependent upon the context of the situation. John Lyons once stated that utterances ar e unique

Airline Industry Bangladesh Essay Example for Free

contrastway Industry Bangladesh EssayABSTRACT cable bear is one of the most dynamic and fastest festering transportation systems. Formation of regional and sub-regional co- mathematical process go out fetch a significant influence on shine transportation system. Realizing the potential of charge transportation in the country and region, after the recent stress transport deregulation in Bangladesh, a egress of mysterious telephone specifyline business companies name started their routine which results in a fracture and combative market. The physical composition focuses on the impacts of privatization on gentle wind industry of Bangladesh. This paper presents the results of a fill on the comparison among various buck semi snobby and public nisus lane companies and analyses their problems and provides some guidelines for their development. The results show that the supply hail of the private line of business passages is 40 percent lower than the kindred for public atmospherelines. The results of this study can be use by the South and Southeast Asian countries to develop policies in this regard.INTRODUCTION Privatization of the airlines is more gener on the wholey know as deregulation of the airlines industry. In the last two decades air transport world have witnessed hammy changes in the deregulation in this sector. The movements towards the deregulation of the air transportation industries with the 1978 Deregulation air passage Act have significantly altered the shut up environment for the firms providing rider and pack transportation related services. With the airline deregulation, airlines were permitted to charter the routes and f bes. These changes have had profound make on many aspects of airline operations, particularly f bes, level of service and routing. by privatization of air transportation in Bangladesh the Government has opened up a refreshful horizon.To achieve a competitive environment and maximize the be nefit, private airlines can control their descale of operation, effectively pursue personify reduction measures, and generate additional take away through ameliorate services and reasonable come ups. By providing improved level of service and lower f atomic number 18 the private airlines whitethorn create reinvigorated demand which result result in unit outlive reduction and allow further fare reductions and service improvement. This arrant(a) circle should continue to strengthen the position of the operators and increase consumers benefit. Moreover, recent trends in the development of regional and sub-regional co-operation in concert with foreign investments in remote realms will have a significant influence on air transportation system.These cooperative frameworks will demand dynamic changes two in routing and scheduling of air transportation. do of import airlines are incapable of dealing with these changes due to their bureaucratic structure and lack of motivation. To develop the policies for privatization and regulation of air transportation market it is necessary to analyze various aspects of the system. This paper focuses on the potentiality of the private air transport operators in Bangladesh. The paper has been prepared on the basis of a detailed study on demand and supply of air transportation in the country (Karim, 1998). The paper discusses the impact of deregulation on different embody items of airline operation. The aggregate personify of operating the airlines has been segregated into major comprise items. past comparison is made surrounded by public and private airline operators on the basis of these cost items. The paper too identifies several areas where adequate regulations are required for the boilersuit advance of the system.The objective of the study is to canvas the potentiality of the changes brought or so by privatization in air transportation in Bangladesh. The results will help the operators in the industry to develop their strategies. As the East, Southeast and South Asia are expected to experience a senior high economic development as strong as a shift towards service and hi-tech industries, their demand for air transportation is also expected to increase accordingly. In this regard, the results of this study are important for these countries also. air power TRANSPORTATION AND airlineS IN BANGLADESH The domestic air transportation network in Bangladesh is comprised of 8 conventional (full-size) airports, 8 airports for STOL (Short-Take-Off and Landing) aircraft including two airports under construction. The 8 conventional airports, which are used for commercial purpose, handle widely change traffic volumes. The largest airport is Zia Inter internal airport near Dhaka and the smallest one is Coxs bazar airport. The most important corridors, as measured by air passenger volumes, are those mingled with Dhaka, at one end, and Chittagong, Jessore, Sylhet at the other end. At present the re are five airlines operating in Bangladesh. They comprise one public airline and four private airlines. The state owned national common carrier, Biman Bangladesh Airline (BBA), is the oldest and has been the only operator in domestic arena until the recent past. It has generally been a losing concern contributed by many factors that could include inappropriate size of aircraft to handle low volume of demand, insufficient level of operation and inefficient management.Although air transport carries only a small portion of total passenger and cargo movement in the country, its relative importance is much higher if aspects such as value of the intersection point as well as time, speed and efficiency of the alternative modes are considered. Realizing its importance and considering the opportunities that exist, private airline companies (political action committees) have now joined the fray of enticing domestic passengers and freights. This trend in domestic air transportation market is expected to reduce the monopoly of BBA and check air transport mode a better as well as competitive one for domestic transportation.Biman Bangladesh Airlines and four independent airline companie s are regulated by the government authority named civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB). Fares are subjected to the boon of CAAB and certain minimum standards of service are imposed on the airline companies. Initially the fares of private airlines were 39 to 50 percent higher as compared to that of BBA. Recently BBA has increased its fare by 25 percent. Although it seems that the fares of the private airlines are higher than the same of BBA, the demand of private airlines has been increasing. This may be caused by better fictitious character of service which include punctuality, regularity, improved customer services and lower waiting time. INTRODUCTION OF PRIVATE AIRLINE COMPANIES In October 1993 the CAAB advertised for applications from the interested parties to start airl ine operation. Although about 50 organizations submitted their proposals, the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) permitted twenty-seven of them to operate. tercet of them have already started carrying passengers and one has ventured into cargo transportation.These airlines tended to become very popular and the passengers who used to travel by Biman for so long have started showing their interest in traveling by private airlines in domestic routes. A brief description of these airlines is given in the following section, which is also summarized in dodge 1. Aero Bengal Airlines (ABA) Aero Bengal Airlines was the first private airlines in the country and started its line of achievement operation on Dhaka-Barisal route with two Chinese built 17-seater Y -12 aircraft. Later a leased Russian built 48-seater N-24 aircraft was included in ABA waver for the operation in Dhaka-Sylhet and Dhaka-Chittagong routes. Air Parabat The airline has started commercial flight operation with two brand ne w Czech-built 19-seater LET L410 aircraft on all the routes operated by Biman (except Ishurdi). It is now planning to add destinations like Thakurgaon, Lalmonirhat, Shamshernagar to its network in near future after procuring two more Czech-built LET L410 aircraft.Air Parabat has appointed Airspan as its ecumenical Sales Agent (GSA) which will be responsible for all the advertising and customer services for Air Parabat and in this way they are saving their overhead expenditure. At the moment, it is operating take inably and has no dues owed to the CAAB. The airline is expecting to recover their investment in 7 years. GMG Airlines Starting operation of commercial flights in early 1998, GMG airlines have emerged as the leading private airlines in Bangladesh. GMG started with Canadian manufactured Bombardier built 37-seater full- fledged aircraft. It operates a enactment of flights in Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet, Jessore, and Barisal every day and has plans to expand the network of des tinations at home and aboard. The airline has signed an inter- line traffic agreement with British Airways (BA) enabling them to sell tickets to different destination of the world via BA. GMG Airlines have already made an investment of Tk. 1.00 billion (US$ 20 million).It has also planned to spread wings overseas and already sought permission from the government to operate in international destinations. This is a good planning because if GMG make progress and can operate South Asian countries, they would probably become the leading private airline in the region. Omni Airlines This airline only deals with cargo operation. Most of the cases the company provide the logistic support via exploitation aircraft of other companies. It has also started air cargo operation for international destinations. During the devastating flood of 1998 when most of the national highways and railways were inundated and surface transportation became inoperable, many exporters especially garments manufactu rers used the airline to transport their product to the port. control panel 1 presents a comparison among the inventories of BBA and political action committees. This comparison indicates that BBA operates at lower institutionalize factor with respect to PACs. This may be caused by the size of aircraft, which seems to be too large for low level of air travel demand existing in the country. add-in 1 Inventory of the Airline Companies Operating in Bangladesh. Name of the airlines Biman Bangladesh Airlines Aero Bengal Ailines Air Parabat Limited GMG Airlines Year of Starting Service 1972 No of Aircraft 4 Type of Aircraft F-28 adenosine triphosphate AN-24 Y-12 LET-410 UVPE. DASH 8SRS 100 No. of seats 85 70 48 17 19 37 No of weekly flights 68 Avg. Pass. Load factor 55-60% (approx.) 75-80% (approx.) 80-85% (approx.) 80-85% (approx.) Avg. No. of Pass. (Weekly) 5134July, 1995 January, 1998 April, 19983 2 218 56 351016 1294 1520For the three PACs the sizes of the aircrafts seem to be more preferable for remunerative operation. Figure 1 illustrates as comparison of usage among BBA and PACs in the domestic routes. In most important routes BBA is still dominant whereas in other routes passenger movement of BBA and PACs are around same. In the Dhaka-Barishal (BZL) route the number of passengers carried by PCAs is higher than the same for BBA because the latter does non operate on a regular basis in the route. 1500 No. of rider 1200 900 600 300 0CHI ZYL JSR SPD RAJ CXB BZLBBA Air Parabat Aero Baegal GMG AirlinesFigure 1 Passenger Movement Comparison between BBA and PACs AIRLINE OPERATION COST IN BANGLADESH In this section, the cost of operating airlines in Bangladesh is analyzed. The cost for public and private airliners are analyzed separately to facilitate comparison between them. Here the cost elements are calculated on the basis of intermediate monthly costs because real(a) data supplied by various airlines are monthly data for different cost items. This cost is change into the cost per passenger for different routes. For the development of cost function nine principal cost elements are included in the analysis. The cost variables included on the analysis are shown in Table 2. The value of these variables are calculated on the basis of twenty-two secondary cost factors, which are also mentioned on with the principal cost variables in the table. For the analysis, data has been collected for several years for all the routes considered in the study. Table 2 woo Elements Analyzed in the Study with their Notations greet Elements Administrative Cost charge Cost Marketing Cost Civil Aviation Charges Running cost Capital Cost Contingency Cost Procurement Cost Profit Important Cost Elements To describe the supply analysis conveniently all the costs are grouped under two heading namely entirety Operating and Maintenance Cost (TOMC) and Total Cost (TC). TOMC includes administrative, maintenance, Civil Aviation charges, running, outstanding and marketing costs and TC includes TOMC, misadventure and indulgement cost.Among the nine principal cost elements, running cost is the most important one (on an medium 39 percent of TOMC. Other important cost elements are capital cost (33 percent) and maintenance cost (19 percent). Small variation in these figures will result in a significant change in operators revenue and profit. Among the nine cost elements administrative, Civil Aviation charges and marketing cost do not vary significantly although these costs includes both fixed and variable cost. Fixed cost is the main portion of these costs because these costs dont vary greatly with the increase in the number of flights or distances traveled. Effects of Scale of Operation on the Cost Elements Using small-scale aircrafts, civil aviation charges and capital cost can be saved significantly. For larger aircrafts greater charges are imposed by the Civil Aviation Authority. Similarly, capital cost is a function of cost per hour of operation and load factor, which also depend on the size of the aircraft. For example, private airlines use comparatively smaller size of aircraft that results in savings of 20 percent of civil aviation charges.Also by using smaller aircrafts these airlines are able to attain higher load factor than BBA. Due to higher load factor the capital cost per passenger reduces significantly. For the same reason a small amount of maintenance and running cost can also be saved. Although BBA purchased larger sized aircrafts to operate in domestic routes to achieve scale economy, it seems that smaller aircrafts are more suitable due to low air travel demand in the country. Symbol C1 C2 C3 C4 Secondary cost components No. of flight (Fl), Capacity of aircraft (Q), Load factor (I) No. of flight (Fl), Capacity of aircraft (Q), Load factor (I) No. of flight (Fl), Capacity of aircraft (Q), Load factor (I) Night charge (Ns), Hanger charge (Hn ), Cost of parking charges (Pa), Landing (La), Security cha rges (Su) and Navigation charges (N a). Cost furnish per liter (Fu), fuel consumption of aircraft per hour(Fc), Trip distance of travel (TD) Fleet size (La), Flying time of aircraft (Ft ), Cruising speed of aircraft (Sp ) Total cost Number of flights (Fl) Total cost (TC)C5 C6 C7 C8 C9One of the major cost items of air transportation for both types of operator is unexpected accident or technical fault of aircraft during the operation period. Contingency and procurement cost are 15 percent and 12 percent of TC respectively. If operators can maintain their aircraft more expeditiously they can enjoy significant savings in these areas also. Cost Comparison between Public and close Airlines Comparison between the public and private airlines on the basis of various cost items is given in Table 3. The values in the table represent the ratio between cost per passenger for BBA and average of the same for PACs for all the cost elements discussed earlier.It shows that the costs incurred by BB A are higher for all the cost elements. The differences are very prominent for administrative cost, maintenance cost and civil aviation charges. The negative ratios for the case of profit imply that for BBA the total cost is higher than fare, which results in losses for the airline. Table 3 Ratio between the Costs of Public and Private Airlines on the basis of cost elements. Routes DAC-CHI DAC-ZYL DAC-JSR DAC-SPD DAC-RJH DAC-CXB DAC-BZL Adm Cost (C 1 ) 1.6 1.58 1.66 1.88 1.89 1.93 1.51 Maint Cost (C 2 ) 1.37 1.31 1.39 1.56 1.57 1.44 1.14 Aviat. Charge (C 3 ) 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.19 1.19 1.24 1.24 Run. Cost (C 4 ) 1.16 1.19 1.21 1.03 1.39 1.04 1.04 Capit. Cost (C 5 ) 1.04 1.07 0.98 1.14 1.28 1.11 1.03 Mark. Cost (C 6 ) 1.15 1.11 1.16 1.19 1.21 1.11 1.12 Cont. Cost (C 7 ) 1.17 1.22 1.19 1.06 1.26 1.08 1.41 Proc. Cost (C 8 ) 1.23 1.21 1.14 1.09 1.25 1.09 1.23Profit (C 9 ) -3.46 +.01 -2.38 -1.46 -1.16 +0.26 -1.36IMPACTS OF PRIVATIZATION ON AIR TRANSPORTATION IN BANGLADESH The gateway of PA Cs in the aviation sector of Bangladesh is expected to bring about some short and long effects in the air transportation sector of Bangladesh, at least in the domestic routes. These effects are discussed below. Making Profit Oriented Service Introduction of private airline in Bangladesh will compel the state-owned BBA to be a profit-oriented organization rather than being only service oriented because the matt journey is made by the rich who do not require any subsidy. The competition is also expected to improve level of service. Increase in Fare Pursuing a wrong policy, the fares charged by BBA in domestic have always been less than the actual cost which resulted in broad losses (over US$ 4 million in 1997). Private airline imposes a higher fare pressuring Biman to increase fare. It increased fare by 15% in July 1996 and could make up losses of about US$ 1 million annually. In 1998 BBA again raised fare so that it can upset breakeven point and make profit on the domestic sec tor. Improvement of Customer ServiceDue to the introduction of private airlines, the customer facilities have improved a lot. Customers seem to be very satisfied with the overall services provided by the private airlines. Private airlines provide regular and punctual services with less waiting time and, very easy and informal ticket confirming process that improves the level of service of the operation. discover Competitive Market In case of GMG Airlines the promoters have sought for permission from the government to operate air service on the international routes. Government is considering to accord permission to private airlines so that they can operate service among SAARC countries. In that case the government of SAARC nations will have to change their rules allowing more than one carrier of each country to operate air service among SAARC nations.All these changes will make the domestic as well as r gional air travel market a very e competitive one and this open air policy will construct a good future for the glide slope private airlines in this market. REGULATIONS NEEDED FOR PRIVATE AIRLINES Although PACs have shown a great a potential to improve the airline market of Bangladesh into a better competitive mode, but there exist some issues which should be carefully considered to develop a better future for the industry. Some of these issues are discussed in the following section. Schedule Problem in low Demand Routes Due to insufficient demand in some domestic routes, sometimes private airlines have failed to maintain their schedules properly or stopped operation in those routes.This may hamper future expansion in these routes. Government may consider subsidizing these routes. prize of Aircraft One of the dominant factors of airline business is the appropriate size of aircraft. But some airlines have failed to procure proper and suitable aircraft for their operation. They have purchased aircrafts those are too backdated for safe and profitable operation. Proper advice and guidance are required in this regard. Development of long-term Strategic Plan Except GMG Airlines others have no long-term strategy or any specific future plan to expand and develop their operation. These airlines even had not even made any feasibility study before they started their business. As airline industry requires large capital investment, long term strategies are vital for survival in the business. Level of Service Standards In some cases the private airlines have failed to improve quality service especially in the case of passenger compensation. Government should make strict regulation in this regard and ascertain consumers right.Poor Performance in Analyzing the Current ConditionThe PCAs do not have good record keeping mechanism and and so unable to make routine performance evaluation or at least analyze or check the current cost and revenue conditions. Due to lack of experience in the aviation market, these new airline companies sometimes ignore the b asic management principles. Lack of adequate consideration in this area may lead to financial and management crisis. Safety Aspect For profit maximization purpose, private airlines may neglect the safety issue, which is the most important factor of airline business in terms of reliability. Civil Aviation authority must impose some strict guidelines and safety precautions for providing the service on the private companies. At present twenty-seven airlines have the permission to operate in the domestic routes of Bangladesh. For the success of privatization policy it is essential for the airlines currently in operation to present a better and efficient performance. As the air travel demand in the country is still very low, entry of too many operators may jeopardize the situation.Also proper training related to the technology and systems need to be arranged. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive review of the potentiality of privatization of domestic air transportation system of Bangladesh has b een presented in this paper. The short-term trend intimates that the private airlines have a great opportunity in the domestic air travel market of the country. Their performances are quite satisfactory. There still exist a lot of room for improvement. This paper is concluded by addressing some implications in the light of the results of this study. (1)The trends in domestic air travel demand in Bangladesh suggest that in near future private airline companies will dominate the domestic market. (2) The operating costs of government operators are about 25-30 percent higher than those of the private operators under the same level of service. (3) From the cost elements it is evident that the administrative and maintenance costs of the public airline are significantly higher than the same for private airlines. This is indicative of the lack of management efficiency existing in the country.(4) Due to the introduction of private airlines the consumers benefit has increased significantly. (5) Although the private air line companies have so far performed quite satisfactorily, for betterment of aviation industry of the country and success of privatization policy of the government, some regulations need to be imposed. For this purpose a governing and advisory organization is required. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are grateful to the private airline companies as well as to the authority of Biman Bangladesh Airline for their help during the course of this study.REFERENCESBBS (1996), Statistical Y Book of Bangladesh, Bangladesh toilet table of Statistics. ear Karim, D.M. (1998), A Study on Demand and Supply of Domestic Air Transportation in Bangladesh, Research Project Report, Department of Civil Engineering, BUET, Dhaka.

Rugby Football Union Essay Example for Free

rugger Foot oaf heart EssayWith sport gaining increasing esteem, and spreading too largely into university, the first sets of national rules came around through the Oxbridge melting pot with the Football Association (1863) and the rugger Football Union (1871). The combination of Oxford and Cambridge university students comprised regularize rules and this further development undoubtedly helped expand sport in Britain.Increased participation by trim classes in the nineteenth hundred soon led to the questioning of middle class social control. The harvest-tide of professionalism resulted in a series of disputes between both classes with regards to uncontaminating interests. With regards to packing material, the trades have been remarkable with the core principles unruffled continuing throughout the nineteenth speed of light. For example, in 1867 the Marques of Queensberry Rules were drafted and introduced fixed time periods for rounds of three minutes and a whizz minute recovery period. There was also the beginning of gloves and a qualified referee to ensure a clean-living fight. other change was in the location of bouts. After 1880, fights began taking place in designated arenas, with straightlaced rings including ropes and keepvases unlike the man made circle of spectators that previously made the ring.Furthermore, in that location was the classification of burden divisions, formed around 1890 by athletic clubs. The original weight classes of light or heavyweight were thus joined by four other categories bantamweight, featherweight, welterweight and middleweight.In theory, the finely calibrated division were created to prevent mismatches in practice, they have the felicitous effect of creating legion(predicate) more champions and m whatever more title shots(John Sugden Boxing and cabaret pg 31).However, the continuity of boxing in the 19th century electrostatic included the main principal of inflicting a sufficient amount of physical da mage to an opponent to win a bout. Outside the ring, gambling was still rife in the sport with potentials of big winnings if the higher class folk such as lords had good participants fight for them.Another aspect of continuity in boxing was the environment in which underdrawers fought in. The fighters in the 19th century were still surrounded by rowdy spectators which created a sense of aggression around the setting. Lastly, the social aspect of boxing remained inside the sport. The working class men saw boxing as an outlet from the hard shifts undergone at the factories and could enjoy a social drink.With regards to horse cavalry racing, there were many changes within the 19th century. The variety of escapes were expanded and specific roles were assigned for certain people on the be given course e.g. starters, judges and bookmakers.Jarvie, G (2006) explains how the sport has developed after the 1800s. With the rail link leading to increase transport, came larger attendances at races, allowing for jockeys to travel about in vagabond to compete elsewhere which is how Horne. J Tomlinson, A and Whannel, G (1999) refer to the development of the characteristics of horse racing through the nature of the modernisation of 19th century Britain.An aspect of continuity in horse racing is gambling which is a key role within English horse racing. Gambling in horse racing has been rife since the beginning due to the large financial and economical profits that gambling provides to the British public and society.Another point of continuity in horse racing in the 19th century is that it was the highest spectator sport within Britain, with the annual race being a large social event for many towns, merging all social classes together.Another change is in the equality of horse racing. Initially, in horse racing, the upper classes retained jockeys to ride on their behalf (Barry, 2002 p 5) due to the costs of maintaining the horses, travel expenses and entry fees. Kay, J and V amplew, W (2003 p 128) stated that, there was an equality of aim to organise and win races but an inequality of means which divide the sport and its participants into trenchant zones of competition.Furthermore, racing declared to, promote intercourse between different classes of society (Vamplew, W 1976 p 130) in order to provide equal opportunity and since there were no set rules prior to 1797, the 19th century was vital to horse racing, providing the Rules Concerning Horse Racing in General. These were followed by amendments made by the jockey club.The 19th century brought an improved standard upon horse racing with time trials, improved diets and fluid retention along with sweating and purging and the first record of a horse race was made in 1842 in the Racing Calendar due to the improvement of literacy.Additionally, with British society rapidly altering with the industrial revolution, horse racing in the 19th century provided increased police supervision and protection to mai ntain order and set an example to society.The newfangled middle class also had a defining impact upon the change and continuity of sport in the 19th century. The population grew fourfold in the 19th century and, it was in the public schools that older ball halts and athletic activities were re-invented and turned into modern sports. (Holt, R, 2001 p 75) Rugby came from the Rugby discipline where Thomas Arnold was influential, and his students went on to spread the sport of rugby throughout the educational system in the 1850s. The game rugby, a strictly amateur sport, started with the simple rule of allowing a player to run with a ball if he caught it on the fly or on the first bounce. Formed in 1872 the Rugby Union initially consisted of teams with 20 players but was then cut down to 15 in 1875. Games were won by goals alone however tries and penalties were added in 1877 as a scoring system which continues today.Brasch (1986) explains how Rugby league which can be traced back to the 1871, attracting large numbers of players and crowds from the working classes. With such a rapid growth in the sport came a fear of loss of control by the Rugby Football Union and an ultimate split formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. There first execution was to impose the payment of players and then gradually changed the rules with the abolition of the lineout and the value of goals was changed to two points.However, the sport maintained the fair play initiative and same method of scoring and purpose within the game. The strength of the men contend the sport epitomised muscular Christianity and embodied British society.It is clear to see how the game of rugby impacted upon the latter(prenominal) stages of the 19th century. With vast change and rapid growth it is clear to see that compared to sport in the primaeval 19th century it had begun to mature and cement its place amongst British society. The back streets were no longer areas of play, intoxicant was co ntrolled in order to maintain society and schoolyards were helping to increase participation along with the formation of new sports.The educational system was profound upon sport in 19th century Britain. It was not until 1890 when Baron de Coubertin revisited the Rugby School where Thomas Arnold was the headmaster, did his dream to revive the Olympics and globalise sport come true. He saw how sporting principles in British schools, muscular Christianity and athleticism were a good focusing to re-build the youth of France after the cudgel in the Franco-Prussian war. His take on sport in Britain drove him to form the International Olympic perpetration in 1894.In conclusion, sport within Britain in the 19th century evidently grew along with growth of the United Kingdom and the change from small towns to large industrial cities was like the change from early 19th century football to the rationalisation and formation of professionalism and the Football Association. The festivals and p ast times of playing sports in any street were given a purpose and designated area in the 19th century. The United Kingdoms initial indisposition to teach sport in schools was eventually turned around and seen as a perfect way to promote healthy living. Not only did sport in 19th century Britain create oftentimes change, much of its continuity is evident through the peoples passion to not let work control their spirit and pursue sporting events even though sometimes it wasnt in their free time.BibliographyBarry, T. (2002) Advanced PE for Edexcel (Limited Edition) Harcourt Education Limited, Heinemann and London.Brasch, R. (1986) How Did Sports cause? (edition published in 1990) Tynron Press, Stenhouse, Dumfriesshire.Kay, J and Vamplew, W (2003)

Mans Existence Defined by Being and Nothing Essay Example for Free

Mans Existence Defined by universe and Nothing EssayI. IntroductionWhat makes a some i alive? Should population be lined entirely by a soulfulnesss biological and physical ability to move and breathe? Is foundation proven by the mere physical presence of a living some one(a)?Philosophers d avouch the ages have advanced more theories of how compassionate existence is defined. Some have advance theories based on the establishment of existence aft(prenominal) the fulfillment of a lifes purpose. Others opined that a persons fear or picture of apprehension and nothingness defines existence. Some until now believe that it is a combination of these yin/yang forces that define pitying existence.II. Discussions on Existence, cosmos and NothingnessPeople argon defined as human beings in Biology. It is what separates humans as a specie from animals. But shouldnt the word human be enough? What is the significance of the verb be? Several theories have been advanced to define the tangible things one sees in life alone as philosopher Martin Heidegger noticed, they have forgotten to ask what to be really is (Philipse. 1998. p18). The question of what defines human existence has intrigued philosophers over the ages. Theories have gone beyond the basic qualification of life as the simple and obvious ability to move and breathe.Existentialism however, puts forward the more solicit concepts of defining ones being as influenced by boredom, freedom, commitment and alienation (Warnock.1970.p.4). It separates the human existence into being and nothing. What makes a human a being?According to Heidegger, a de-constructional view of existence is unavoidable to include the essence of humans being as opposed to the classical intellection of the obvious and thus unexplored being (Philipse, 1998.p.3).One of Heideggers main influences, Edmund Huserll (Grimsley.1960.p.37) said that philosophy should be described in the context of human experience and goals. People do and live in accordance with one externalise or goal. Heidegger modified this with his theory of care, (Cochrane. 1956. p112) which, simply assignd means that a persons priorities or what he or she considers important defines their existence. For him, it is the motivation and the various(prenominal) needs that define a persons existence and thus shapes them into what they are.In his work universe and Time, Heidegger created the representation Dasein of the individual that seeks to answer the question as to why he exists. He accedes the Dasein is thrown into a world of possibilities and responsibilities, and to account for his existence, the Dasein must take duty for all these possibilities (Cochrane, 1956 p. 136).Another philosopher who advances the notion of a reality governed by consciousness, Rene Descartes in his Meditations on First doctrine states that in human existence, the only thing that cannot be doubted is consciousness. Reality can have many illusions, exclusively a human beings consciousness is constant which in that locationfore makes it the only truth (Snooks, 1998.p 26).The famous German philosopher George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (Stace,1955. p. 44) summed it up in the statement the rational alone is real which presented the idea that everything can and give only be expressed in rational categories His various works reflected methods predominantly rooted in logic According to Hegel, the degree of comprehension of concepts is only limited or expanded by the standards of companionship a person possesses and the level of society he belongs to (Stace,1955. p. 46) .The ideas of existentialism contradict this. The rendering of a persons existence is not dependent on rational thinking but rather their individual beings in the world they were born in. Reality in reference to ones existence is subjective. In Sartres universe and Nothingness, he defines the actuality of mans ideal of completion as the fulfillment of state of Being while noth ingness is the failure or lack of this actuality (Schilpp. 1997.p.48)Like Hegel, Sartre also used the concepts of Being in terms of in itself, for others, and for and in itself. Unlike Hegel however who defined these as organizational thought processes and logic in the individual, Sartre stated these terms with definitions done to identify and qualify the subjective and objective facets of human existence.Regarded as the Father of Existentialism, and one of Hegels greatest critics, Soren Kierkegaard (Malantschuk, 2003.p.11 )was a Danish philosopher who proposed that it is an individuals feelings much(prenominal) as dread and anxiety that lead to making choices that define a persons life. Kierkegaard believed that the battle between an individuals self-perception of being and nothingness stems from the individuality of a person and that includes emotions and passions. A persons existence therefore, is brought around by his fears.He cites a parallel of faith and atheism. In his th eories that were viewed as anti-organized religion, Kierkegaard states that for a person to be able to make a leap of faith, one must first have doubt. Otherwise, one may not be able to differentiate faith from everyday emotions. In the same way, Being cannot exist without Nothing and vice-versa (Malantschuk, 2003.p.90)Kierkegaard also advanced the paradoxical theory of the Concept of Dread (Ussher, 1968.p. 52). According to Kierkegaards concept of Dread, it is only when one has experienced total misery that one can recognize and experience life and living.Only by being a sacrificial Isaac would he recognise himself for the beloved of Abraham and no miracle (he knew in the end) would intervene. (Ussher, 1968.p. 27).It is not unusual in todays times to hear the maxim You never know what you have unless youve lost it. The misery or anxiety at the thought of losing something makes one distinguish how much value they have truly assigned to something. The thought of this is echoed in Ge rman journalist Helmut Kuhns Encounter with Nothingness An Essay on Existentialism (1949) The question of existence is urged upon us chiefly by our interest. We raise it when we care for the existence or the nonexistence of something. When darkness closes down, we do get excited about the existence of light (Kuhn, 1949)Immanuel Kant presented a style of inquiry that takes to consideration the physiological and empirical facets of a persons state of Being. Kant believed that an introspective approach was necessary for one to understand and make sense of ones own being (Kant, 1965).Sartre, one of the strongest critics of Kantian theory argues that the notion that human emotions are insignificant and occasional situations that pass along of an individuals behavior is unacceptable.Moreover, emotion must not be considered as a identify of empirical facts gained through introspection or as a corporeal phenomenon , but rather as an organized form of human existence (Schilpp, 1997.p.13)As a persons existence and state of Being are subjective, so is the definition of nothingness.The lexicon meaning of the word nothing is given as 1 not any thing no thing 2 no part 3 one of no interest, value, or consequenceIn philosophy however, despite the many theories that sought to define existence, the definition of the word nothing seems to be universal. It simply means failure to attain a state of Being through lack of fulfillment and failure at the attainment of purposes or goals.III. SummaryThe human being and existence is a mingled and paradoxical concept. All the concepts are true in a sense, but were never really complete in describing or pinpointing the meaning of life. Different schools of thought range from describing human existence in a mathematical sense then evolving into the more abstract consideration of complex human emotions.Classical philosophy in its rational and logical basis, says it is Mind over matter.Sartre, Hegel and Heideggers philosophies are sum med up in the End justifies the Means.Kierkegaards neurotic view of the existence as a result of anxiety and dread is summed up in You dont know what you have until youve lost it.IV. ConclusionGiven the many points of view advanced, there remains a constant, and that is recognition of the human free will. It is the will that makes a choice that rational, experiential or pessimistic, influences the End that defines and justifies a persons existence.A persons experience of past and present in addition to his perception of what the future could be are subjective. The significance people place on certain things is also subjective. Reactions are subjective. vitality is subjective. One can choose to define existence in the manner of different philosophies. However, it is important to logical argument that these schools of thought are not rules that encompass every persons experience of life.

Virtual Organization Strategy Paper Essay Example for Free

Virtual Organization Strategy brand-newspaper publisher EssayHuffman truckage is a follow founded by K. Huffman back in 1936. World War II helped Huffman truck to move forward increasing their demand amid the Midwest ports all the way to the eastern United States Coast ports fling their carrier services. Huffman transport started with only a single tractor-trailer and nine years subsequently the guild increased their size to 36 trailers. The U. S. Government, manufacturers of plastics products, and electronic consumer products are some of the primary customers who Huffman truckage kit and boodle with. With facilities in Cleveland, Bayonne, St.Louis, and Los Angeles Huffman trucking employs over a thousand personnel divided between drivers and support personnel. police squad B analyzes the best option for Huffman Trucking between going globe through an IPO, acquiring new(prenominal)(prenominal) company within the same application, or encounter with other organi zation. Comparing the strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats of all three options provide help police squad B to make a smart decision. Strengths of Each Approach Huffmans Trucking has many advantages for a going public. The most distinct advantage is the m sensationtary benefit in the contour of raising capital.Huffmans capitals are to fund research and development, fund capital expenditure or tear down used to pay off existing debt. An increased public awareness of Huffmans company is another advantage be fountain IPOs mostly gain publicity by making potential customers aware of their products. This whitethorn cause an increase in market share for the company. Many companies have to cash in on the mastery of companies that they helped start-up using IPOs (Investopia, 2010). Advantages of Huffman merging and acquisitioning are to determine the short -term and long-term company strategic outlook of the new and determined company.This is many factors such as market co nditions, differences in trade culture, acquisition costs and changes to financial strength surrounding the corporate takeover (Berry, 2002-2010) A unification is justifiably simple and is not as expensive as the forms of acquisition are a primary advantage of the transaction. This is done because the firms agree to combine their entire operations and to transfer the title to individual assets of the larnd firm to the acquiring firm (Williams, 2008). When companies merge, it reduces the number of competitors in the market and captures additional economic scales of the market.Merging will keep the companys bendth with the warlike advantages of both firms. Merger as tumesce enables the company to rebuild and strengthen the organization as firms involved in the transaction share strategies to make the organization stronger and to a greater extent reliable, thus eliminate weaknesses in the firm. Weaknesses of separately overture Hoffman Trucking also has to be aware of the dis advantages of developing an initial public offering. The initial public offering can be a risky investment for Hoffman Trucking as well as for anyone that is tone to invest in him or her.For the individual investor, it is tough to predict what the stock will do on its initial day of trading and in the near future because there is often little historical data with which to analyze the company (Investopia, 2010). The future values of the company going public are also of uncertainty. With no guarantee for the business or investor, the values of the stocks will eventually end. It is a risk that the business and investors will take with an IPO. The option for an acquisition also has some weaknesses that go with it.If Huffman Trucking decides to acquire another company to expand, they need to realize this can be quite pricey as well. As Huffman Trucking discovers another company as they want to acquire that as, they will probably pay a bonus price per share for the new company. This is done to make sure all shareholders of the acquired company are happy. This is the one of the few ways to able to let their shares go. It is very difficult to put appraise a company that has not gone public. This is when Huffman Trucking will have to show how bad they want a company by how much they offer to the company.A merger may sound appealing as well but also has weaknesses. A merger is not as tripping as it may seem. The merger must benefit both companies looking to come together. If one may benefit more than the other, the other may look for other ways to demand more for their business. With this it is tough to decide who and how many shares each merging benefactor should receive when finished. This is about coming to an agreement which is not always as easy as it may seem. Each business has an idea of what their business is with the other merging business may not see it the same way.Opportunities of each approach What Huffman Trucking has an opportunity to do is to invest in projects so they can sell their securities in exchange for cash. Because the company is growing this will financially concord them funding to use so their projects will produce assets that will be immediate. What this will do for them is to grow IPO rapidly and bring more revenue with acquiring the funds to produce with new projects. Because Huffman Trucking is a business in the dose industry this could acquire another company is the same lawsuit of business.Many conveyance of title companies in the country they could merge with so their industry would be on long corporation. They could not do without the transportation industry otherwise the public would be without these products. If Huffman Trucking merges with another transportation company they would combine all of their trucks with many others with the east coast and the Midwest. This could make their company and other transportation companies much more successful to expand all over the country.Their mission is to be m ore fat so they could adapt very well with any other company in the transportation industry today. Threats of each approach The threats that Huffman Trucking must prepare for whether they choose to go public through an IPO, acquire another company in the same industry, or merge with another organization. The threats that Huffman would face with going public through an IPO would be individual investor would not be able to predict what the stock or shares will do on its initial day of trading and in the near future because of the lose of historical data.Most IPOs are of companies going through a transitory growth period, and they are thereof subject to additional uncertainty regarding their future value. Another threat to an IPO would be when a clandestine limited company such as Huffman Trucking becomes a public company it is subject to more regulation and rules of the State. If Huffman Trucking chose to acquire another company in the same industry the potential for financial los s would be initially because of factors such as expenses for consolidating brands, quipment, and merging the organizational structures. Management styles, employee expectations, processes, and cultures must be also because the employees of acquisitions will ultimately drive performance, consume payroll dollars, and be the most from an acquisition. This is a grand threat to acquisitions because of the affect of not addressing these issues will slow and perhaps stop the integration process and be costly in both sales and profits (Boyer, 2010). Mergers also have threats that must be fetching into consideration.According to Wests Encyclopedia of American Law, whether a forward or backward integration, the newly acquired firm may decide to deal only with the acquiring firm, thereby altering competition among the acquiring firms suppliers, customers, or competitors. Suppliers may lose a market for their goods, retail outlets may be depriving of supplies, or competitors may find that bot h supplies and outlet are not receiving what they need. This raises the concern that vertical integration will foreclose competitors by qualifying their access to sources of supply or to customers.Vertical mergers may also be anticompetitive because their entrenched market big businessman may impede new businesses from entering the market. Conclusion Huffman Trucking started business 74 years past and works with big companies and with the US Government. Team B analyzed the best option for Huffman Trucking between going public through an IPO, acquiring another company within the same industry, or merging with another organization. Team B concludes that even though the IPOs are excellent to gain publicity by making potential customers aware of their products, the company is already known by big companies.Huffman Trucking is currently in a stage where their priority should be to expand their business. The decision to enhance the company is to both acquire within the same industry or merge with another organization. Team B recommends Huffman Trucking to acquire another company, expand their business, reduce the number of competitors in the market, and capture additional economic scales of the market. Team B considered the threads of all three options and acquiring another company is the best option for Huffman Trucking to move forward and gain market.Referenceshttp//www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/ipoadvantagedisadvantage.asp

Cultural Assessment - Sweden Essay Example for Free

Cultural Assessment Sweden EssayCulture is a dynamic structure of behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, habits, beliefs, customs, languages, rituals, ceremonies, and practices that ar unique to a particular group of people. I see great value in discipline around different cultures and about ethnical diversity, including a broader perspective of others, enhanced problem-solving ability and creativity, and potential meliorate productivity in my early workplaces. For this assignment, I have chosen to do a cultural appraisal of the Swedish Culture.Doing so has broadened my understanding of the Swedens cultural perspectives and will help in bridging cultural gaps with future Swedish clients. I hope this will help me become a more than culturally efficient nurse and help me in providing optimal, global healthc argon in a society which is growing more and more culturally/ethnically diverse. I k straightaway first-hand that variation does occur within each cultural group, and th ere is a tendency to assume that all members of an identified group are the akin.Sweden, a state that once reflected only a single or perhaps a few ethnic groups now comprises more than 100 different ethnic groups so for the purposes of this paper, I will write about the Swedish culture as a whole. Sweden is a country on the Scandinavian peninsula in Northern europium, with its capital being Stockholm. It is fourth in size among the European counties, with about 15% of its entirety celestial orbit situated north of the Arctic Circle.You would think that the weather in Sweden would be colder year long collect to its longitude but the average Stockholms average temperature is 20-65 degrees Fahrenheit year round. Sweden has a total community of about 9. 4 million people as of 2009 with the majority of residents living in urban areas. Swedens capital city, Stockholm, had a population of 1,697,000 in 2005. From 1865 to 1930, nearly 1,400,000 Swedes, emigrated over 80% went to the United States, and about 15% to other close by countries.This heavy migration ended in the mid-1900s when resource maturation in Sweden started to keep pace with population growth. Since the early 1970s, there has been a flood of immigration to Sweden, roughlyly collectible to refugee migration and family reunification from countries in the Middle East, Africa and Latin America. As far as cultural makeup, the Swedes are principally Finish, Scandinavians or of German origin. The remaining population is comprised of immigrants, including Danes, Poles, Iraqis, Iranians, Norwegians, Greeks, and Turks. Swedish is the national language in Sweden.It consists of the same garner of the English alphabet in addition to a, a, and o. Many Swedes speak and understand English and German, and to a lesser extent, Finnish. English has been a compulsory subject for all Swedish students since the late 1940s. Swedens high-quality scientific, communication and technological development is renowned t hroughout the manhood. The World Economic Forum 20092010 militantness index ranks Sweden the 4th most competitive economy in the world. Three of Swedens largest industrial corporations are engineering companies L.M. Ericsson, Volvo, and SAAB-Scania. Ericsson, one of the largest telecom companies in the world was started by Lars Ericsson of Sweden. Technology is prevalent all over Sweden. Swedes are accustomed to communicating through the same technology that is available in the United States. Swedes communicate via. cell phones, internet, media, and print. As far as family roles and brass within Swedish culture, human rights and equality are deeply respected in Sweden. Sweden is one of the most egalitarian societies in the world.Family life is important in typical Swedish families, but family structure is diverse and offers differing lifestyles and beliefs from one family to the next. In a typical family, both parents work. Household chores are usually democratically shared among Swedish family members, regardless of traditional female and male roles and age. Swedish houses tend to be small and tidy. vulgar respect between children and adults is nurtured at an early age. More than 5 percent of the Swedish population are aged 80 or over. Many elderly people in Sweden are in correct health and lead active lives.Most live in their own homes by choice, and can do so thanks to public support in the form of home meal delivery, help with cleanup position and shopping, transportation and health care when needed. Health and social care for the elderly constitutes an important part of Swedish well-being policy. Most elderly care is funded by municipal taxes and government grants. Sweden invests more of its GDP in warmth for its elderly than any other country in the world. All Swedish residents are entitled to a guaranteed minimum pension from the age of 65, the standard retirement age in Sweden.In the Swedish health care system, responsibility for health and medi cal care is shared by the central government, county councils and municipalities. Sweden is divided into 290 municipalities, 18 county councils and both regions. Around 90 percent of the Swedish county councils work involves healthcare, but they are also involved in other areas, such as culture and infrastructure. Responsibility for providing healthcare is decentralized to the county councils. I learned that county councils are political bodies whose representatives are elected by their residents every four years.Every county council must provide the population with -quality health and medical care, and work toward promoting good health for the entire population. County councils are also responsible for alveolar care for local residents up to the age of 20. Swedish people have free choice in health care meaning they can obtain care in any of the 60 hospitals in Sweden that provide specialist care, with emergency services 24 hours a day. Eight of these are regional hospitals where exceedingly specialized care is offered and where most teaching and research is based.Whats great is everyone in Sweden has equal accession to healthcare services The Swedish healthcare system is taxpayer-funded. According to the Swedish Institute for Communicable disease Control, a Swedish government expert agency, Sweden is relatively well protected from the spread of communicable diseases. nigh(a) hygienic conditions prevail among Swedish society and public health is well developed. Medical progress and incumbrance measures protect the Swedish population from infections that, in other countries of the world, may cause large scale disasters.Sweden continues to vaccinate, be infections, fight outbreaks, and engage in research on diseases. Sweden as a whole, maintains a high direct of preparedness in order to prevent disease, and avian influenza from gaining a foothold in Sweden. bearing expectancy in Sweden continues to rise. In 2008, it was 79 years for men and 83 years for women. Sweden along with Italy has Europes largest elderly population as a proportion of the national total. According to www. sweden. se, Swedens healthcare system performs well in comparison with other countries at a similar level of development.

Litigation and Alternatives Essay Example for Free

Litigation and Alternatives EssayAmerica has come a long way since the American colonies manufactured from where humanity was to where humanity is now. We did not have the law system that we have now and issues were clear that turned into chaos. From law courts, chancery courts, to merchant courts, there are several categories of courts. Those that we separate are national and State costs. Federal Courts take everyplace foreign and interstate commerce that entail of U. S. District Courts, U. S. Court of Appeals, and U. S. Supreme Courts.State courts take over state legislatures that include State Supreme Courts, Appellate Courts, exam Courts, and Lower Courts. Living in society today, we will have different views and different perceptions. We will each at one time come to face litigation or some type of ADR matter. With this universe said, litigation, and alternatives will fall into place at least one point in ones life. This is part of what twain parties, as mentioned i n the video will face. A company called Quick Takes tried out a plan to help build their business to grow.Incidentally, the program Non Linear master did not quite operation out for Quick Takes. Thankfully Quick Takes had been under the impression that Non Linear Pro was a trial. to a lower place any circumstances had Quick Takes been under the assumption that Non Pro Linear had been a permanent program that had been purchased. Soon to discover a bill of 5,000. 00 was sent to Quick Takes. Quick Takes immediately contacted Non Linear Pro and advised that the bill had been invalid. Both parties had a verbal agreement of trying out the product as a trial.Although there may had been a verbal agreement, Quick Takes unknowingly signed a switch off thought to be a delivery slip signed by Janet Mason. Non Linear Pro verbalize that the lease had been signed and if Quick Takes did not cooperate, then Non Linear Pro would create a lawsuit. So to name some of the legal issues that the bo th parties could face are arbitration, meditation, litigation, cross complaint, and mini-trials. Arbitration is an arbitrator that helps settle disputes in the midst of the two parties by researching the information provided by both parties.The arbitrator is a member of the American Arbitration Association who makes the ultimate decision of the outcome amongst the two parties by helping the two come to an agreement. The two parties will use arbitration when there is no need for a nevertheless relationship. Mediation is primarily used when there may be a approaching relationship between the two parties. The two parties come to an agreement and make the ultimate decision. A neutral caller helps both parties come to an agreement however, it does not make the ultimate decision. Mediation is primarily used when they can or may continue to maintain a relationship.Litigation also known as a judicial dispute resolution takes place in courts. The courts ultimately will make the decisio n of the outcome between the parties. Mini-Trials are a compromise between mediation and arbitration. Lawyers represent both parties and a neutral party is involved to help settle by advising of strengths and weaknesses. If the two parties do not come to an agreement in a timely matter then the neutral party will make the decision. Cross-complaint occurs when the defendant sues the complainant due to other damages caused by the plaintiff.The legal issues presented in the video are dealing with litigation. The plaintiff served the defendant and the defendant needs to respond or a default judgment will be entered. In this case, arbitration wil be the best method. I do not see a future in either partys relationship. Most individuals will choose arbitration and mediation over litigation because it is cheaper, no lawyers are involved, and there is a lack of publicity. Reach out to as many another(prenominal) sources to prevent any type of legal action. Having many options, the ultimate decision will impact firmly on the outcome.