Atlanta Race Riot

Taylor Schultz History 1100 Dr. Howard November 15, 2010 Influences of the Atlanta Race Riot â€Å"A city lay in travail, God our Lord, and from her loins sprang twin Murder and Black Hate. Red was the midnight; clang, crack and cry of death and fury filled the air and trembled underneath the stars when church spires pointed silently to Thee. And all this was to sate the greed of greedy men who hide behind the veil of vengeance† (Primary Source 20, line 20). The Atlanta Race Riot occurred in 1906 in Atlanta, Georgia. Many innocent African Americans were murdered by hostile mobs of white men.Racism and hatred towards African Americans had been around long before the Atlanta Race Riot, but previously built tensions of jealousy, hostilities, abuse of blacks and whites eventually lead to this event. Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. Dubois, and many other African American and white leaders tried to gain respect from whites for the black community and earn equality, but the majority o f whites were not willing to cooperate. The main influences of the Atlanta Race Riot of 1906 were poor whites and the â€Å"sexual assaults† they accused blacks of, politics, and media releases.After slavery had ended, and African Americans were free, whites still felt that they held a power over the blacks. So, when African Americans were becoming more successful, by owning their own pharmacies, grocery stores, and businesses the poor and middle class whites were not thrilled. These white classes were angry, because blacks were accomplishing more and making better wages then they were. The poor whites were so furious that they started creating mobs against all African Americans accusing them of wrong doings that many had no part in. The men composing the mobs, which created the disorder were principally of the hoodlum class† (Primary Source 13, page 7). Anytime a white man even heard of an African American touching a white woman, mobs would immediately form and attack, often killing a black man who looked remotely close to what the victim described him as. In 1906, the Savannah Morning News reported â€Å"there were four attempted assaults on white women by negroes in and around Atlanta today, and these and the publication of them in extras led to the gathering of the mob which killed ten or fifteen Negroes in the city tonight† (Primary Source 11, page 1).African Americans were not given the chance to go to court for any of the trials and were killed without proper identification by the court. It was getting to the point where blacks could not even walk outside their homes at night without being hunted by the white mobs; â€Å"attack spread rapidly and within a few moments the appearance of a Negro was the signal for a riot. The Negroes scattered from the streets, going to their homes by back alleys, or flocked to Decatur Street, the home of the tougher element† (Primary Source 12, page 2).All of these lynchings and outburst of rage from the poor whites over â€Å"sexual assaults† from black men towards white women were not fair towards the blacks. It was a way of whites getting back at blacks because of their own personal issues of jealousy, hostility, and personal self-assurance that they were better. After a long fight to gain freedom, African Americans wanted political equality. Many black philosophers and educators had their own views on how political equality should be met. Booker T. Washington was a black man who had been born into slavery and had gained his independence.He was a highly successful man who attended an Agricultural Institute. He founded the Tuskegee Institute, providing technical education for African Americans. Washington believed that blacks needed to work hard to show whites that they had value, so that eventually whites would realize this and accept black equality. â€Å"Washington was willing to accept social, residential, commercial, and educational subordination†(Seco ndary Source 1, page 46). On the other hand, W. E. B. Dubois was another successful black man whose views differed from Booker T.Washington. Dubois grew up in a largely white community, earned a PhD at Harvard, and believed that equality should be pushed for and gained as soon as possible. African Americans sided with both views from Washington and Dubois and had faith and believed that no matter which strategy worked it would eventually lead them to gaining equality. But, most elite whites wanted no part of it. Once white elites had heard speeches from both these leaders and knew what a good majority of blacks wanted, they came up with scandals to get African American’s votes.Many Democratic and Republican parties promised African Americans that if they gave their vote to them, they would stop lynching and crime rates would go down. â€Å"The party in which gave them the ballot had really no means of protecting them in the enjoyment of it† (Primary Source 8, page. 291 ). Laws like the Klu Klux Klan Act and The Compromise of 1850 were put in place during voting times to stop prejudice and violence, but once votes were gained, acts were dropped, giving none of the protection to African Americans that they had been promised. The whites, on their side, rather helped this plan by the savage means to which they resorted on those States in which the Negros were in majority, to overturn or prevent Negro rule† (Primary Source 8, page. 291). The Media attention that was brought up during the times of the Atlanta race Riot became a large influence on the whites and their bias opinions towards blacks. For the most part, the media sided with the whites, and encouraged the white people to start uproars with their black neighbors.The media loved all the press that they were able to release at this time in 1906, because they knew it would get a lot of attention, and people would believe everything they were posting. When the Riots were at their highest, Ma yor Woodward wrote, â€Å"I am thankful for all the papers that did not join in the business of getting out extras Saturday night. Many of the reports that were published were not only fuel to the fire, but entirely false† (Primary Source 5, page. 1).This statement shows that the media approved violence and did not mind the killing of innocent people, because it gave them something to broadcast about. When these mobs saw that they were getting press from the media, they started to consider themselves famous â€Å"protectors of the people†. â€Å"Flaring headlines in the special editions of the afternoon papers wrought the populace to a high pitch of excitement† (Primary source 13, page 2). Even though the media had no proof of reporting rapes or crimes that black men had done they would still write about them.Eventually, it got to the point where African Americans were getting fed up, and even announcing to places like the New York World saying, â€Å"There has been no carnival rapes in and around Atlanta. There has been a frightful carnival of newspaper lies† (Secondary Source 2, page 153). The white mobs already had so many racist views on blacks without the media leaking in, so when the media did decide to write alleged reports accusing the blacks falsely, it swept up the intensity and encouraged whites to be more violent then they ad ever been before. The Atlanta Race Riot caused many unnecessary deaths, and lead to more hostilities between blacks and whites then there had ever been. Although many events caused the Race Riot, the main ones were: the bad judgments poor whites held against blacks, and their horrendous approaches at getting back at them, the disagreement on political views from whites and blacks, and the media that influenced and encouraged whites to rebel against blacks and cause violence instead of trying for equality.Leaders and protectors stood by and watched deaths occur, and nobody tried to make any changes u ntil after the Riot took place. If whites and blacks had come together and taken away prejudice views and hatred towards each other, they could have accomplished more things and many innocent people could have lived.

Heathcliff: Victim or Villain? Essay

Although Heathcliff was a victim several times within Wuthering Heights, does this justify his immoral actions that hurt those around him? It is true that Catherine is extremely selfish, but she never intentionally or deliberately planned to hurt anyone in this novel. Heathcliff’s manipulative and vengeful actions are truly those of a villain. Heathcliff as a Victim: Nelly’s unwillingness to acknowledge Heathcliff’s presence to Catherine in a crucial time allowed him to overhear the hurtful things that she was saying. If Nelly had tried to stop Heathcliff from running away, he may have been present to hear all of the positive things that Catherine would later declare about him. Although Heathcliff is her soul mate, Catherine married Edgar instead because of his money and social status. Her selfishness makes Heathcliff a victim, and denies him of his true love. Heathcliff is a victim because his parents left him, and because of his darker skin. The Linton’s show prejudice towards him, and judge him by his looks. Catherine as a Victimizer Catherine truly hurts Heathcliff by marrying Edgar, whom she does not love. She knows that Heathcliff is her soul mate, but does not find him suitable for a husband. Her selfishness in turn causes many problems throughout the novel. When Edgar visits Wuthering Heights to see Catherine, she betrays Heathcliff by telling him to leave her and Edgar alone. Although Heathcliff and Catherine’s relationship was very strong, she completely forgets about him once Edgar arrives. Catherine expects everybody to do what she says, and becomes hysterical when  people do not. She pinches Nelly in a fit of passion, which shows her instability as a character. Heathcliff as a Villain Heathcliff purposely influences Hareton, who was at the time a young child, to hate his father. His negative affect on Hareton causes him to curse, and to tell people that his father Hindley is the devil. Heathcliff marries Isabella in order to hurt her brother, and treats her very poorly. He also hangs her dog for no reason other than to hurt anything associated with the Lintons (except Catherine, of course). This brutality shows how strong Heathcliff’s hatred truly was, and shows his willingness to hurt innocent people for revenge. He takes custody of Linton, who is terrified of his father. He is constantly weak, sick, and Heathcliff uses him to secure his fortune at Thrushcross Grange. He bribes young Cathy into marrying Linton, telling her she would not be able to see her dying father unless she did. Heathcliff knew that Cathy loved her father, but held her hostage until he had gotten what he had wanted. This displays how truly selfish he was, and to what extremes he would undergo in order to achieve his goals. Because of Heathcliff’s experiences as a victim, he became stronger and more determined to achieve his goals. However, no person has the right to express their anger on other innocent people, which is exactly what Heathcliff did. At first, we felt sympathy for his lack of luck in the first part of the novel. In the second half, we truly see what a horrible character he turns out to be.

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Qualitative Methodology

Cotte’s paper primarily deals with the Economic, Symbolic and Hedonic motives of gambling (2-3). Her method is centered on Ethnographic Participant Observation (1). The study was conducted on a Northeastern casino (10) for 90 hours that was accumulated through 30 visits between October 1995 and March 1996 (9). This critique will concentrate on the analysis of Cotte’s Literature Review, Research Design and Methods and Subjects chosen for the study. Literature Review Cotte’s literature review tackles the economic, symbolic and hedonistic motives of recreational gambling.With an emphasis centered on â€Å"Experiential Consumption† (6) which explains the role of motives in human behaviors and decisions, the paper was able to prove its point that the human drive to gamble stems out from the desire to learn and evaluate the game (12), to have a feeling of a â€Å"rush† (14), to demonstrate self definition such as being a â€Å"variety-seeker, rebel, and casino pro† (15), to fulfill the desire to be a risk-taker (18) and to view â€Å"cognitive self classification† that is primarily achieved through â€Å"interpersonal relationships† (19).Similarly, the study reveals that urge for â€Å"emotional self classifications† are also evident (19); similarly, human competition (20) and communion (21) are also part of the characteristics that were studied. The paper’s main criticism for the author’s literature review is: Cotte, by opting to focus on the hedonistic aspect of gambling has established the claim that recreational gambling primarily is a result of emotion in its most â€Å"barbaric sense† and provides no rational explanation whatsoever on the concept of recreational gambling.Cotte presented eight cells (12-21) which tells the reason in a form of conversation between her (i. e. the researcher) or other people through overheard conversations or observations explaining why people gambl e. It could be significantly noted that Cotte have made various explanations linking the results of the observation and or interview to her related literature; and it appears that those explanations are only liked to the situations wherein there is an emphasis on the hedonistic drive (12-18).The author explained that the feeling of excitement, rush, the unknown etc are the primary reasons why people keep on coming back to the casino and even bringing their families with them to gamble as well (18). However, the paper would like to assert that although the first few cells are significantly linked on the theories that the author used, the last three cells were explained by the author in such an abrupt manner that she suddenly inserts a theory that in no way was she was able to elaborate on her literature review (19, 21).The Utilitarian Theory which definition is not established or discussed at all was inserted and was used to explain â€Å"emotional self classification† (19) an d communing (21) . In virtue of its philosophical roots, the Utilitarian theory was introduced by JS Mill and is commonly known of having this maxim: the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. However, the paper would want to establish that the author coined a different concept to the theory by equating utilitarianism to â€Å"rationality† which is definitely not the case.The paper acknowledges however that linguistics of course allows convention to give a different meaning to a particular word. However, if this is the case, the author should have at least provided an operational definition on her review of related literature. Research Design and Methods The author’s method is qualitative research focusing on Ethnographic Participant Observation (1). Her data gathering method was done primarily through unstructured interviews (Bailey, 1994) and observation (Holloway, 2002). The paper has two main criticisms: (1) Unstructured interviews are rela tively prone to bias (Bailey, 1994, 195).The unstructured interview wherein the interviewer has the advantages of probing her subjects more has a high degree of possibility to be interpreted in a different manner than what the subjects really intend it to be (195). Also, in comparing the unstructured interview to the structured interview, Bailey argued that â€Å"the mere fact that a highly structured interview has a neatly typed questionnaire is easy to code, and seems to be reliable does not ensure that the information gathered will be superior to that gathered with an unstructured interview† (195).(2) The second criticism of the paper is that observations that are primarily documented through field notes and should be in four types: condensed account, the expanded account, the fieldwork journal, and analysis and interpretation notes (Holloway, 2002, 135). However, it could be noted that the author has made clear on her paper that she only has â€Å"field notes† (whi ch is a generalized note) and â€Å"introspections† (10) for her data gathering. Holloway (2002) by quoting Spradley (1979) on her book explained that it is necessary that all of these field notes should be done by any researcher who will use the Ethnographic method.However, the paper also recognizes the advantages of the unstructured research. It is also noted by Bailey (1994) that most cases reveal that unstructured interviews have the capability of eliciting more favorable responses from its subjects. The fact that the interview is more informal in its setting and is generally friendly, most researchers are able to get the innermost feelings of their subjects that the subjects on the other hand might not consciously realize that they possess.Similarly, the descriptive ethnography method (Holloway, 2002) is capable of presenting an account of a particular behavior on a specific area or industry. Similar on the case of the recreational gamblers in the northeast, the author w as able to present what type of recreational gamblers those people are going in that casino. Cotte’s output as she stated on the latter part of her paper could be grounds for better and improved researches. Subjects of the Study The subjects of the study are randomly chosen.As evident on the research conducted, the author claims that most of the data gathered are from abrupt conversations, overheard conversations and observations. Hence, the paper claims that there is no way that the author could further verify if the same emotions or motives still apply after that particular day or the days after that particular study. Similarly, the context of the study (Holloway, 2002) that is in Northeast America does not allow the study’s conclusion to be extended to other locations or cultural contexts. Conclusion:The paper would say that the author’s attempts to verify that recreational gambler’s motivations in gambling are primarily driven by their hedonistic moti ves are successful. However, there should be enough detail that should be given in terms of the literature’s completeness, further efforts to make the methodology more valid and a more diverse choosing of the respondents. Literature Cited Holloway, I. (2002). Qualitative Research Methods in Public Relations and Marketing Communications. London: Routledge. Bailey K. (1994). Methods of Social Research. New York: The Free Press.

THEORETICALLEGAL CREATION OF MYTHICAL COMPANY Research Paper

THEORETICALLEGAL CREATION OF MYTHICAL COMPANY - Research Paper Example This company will produce cars along with light weighed trucks that would ride on an average 135 miles with a gallon of fuel. This company has been well initiated through the government, the economy and the determination of the angel investors who aimed towards creating fleet of vehicles that satisfies the consumers’ demands and exhibits high level of performance and emits nearly zero level of carbon. The company will be based in North Carolina because it expects to utilize the employment and manufacturing capacity left behind by the emigration of the major companies producing furniture. It has been estimated that tax breaks will exceed $180,000,000 during the coming 30 years and East Coast utilization equivalent to the Silicon Valley will add value to the local economy. Due to the conversion of the current tax subsidy level of the US government to ethanol production at the rate of only 50% of the spending in the current budget, the first 1 million cars produced by the company would become feasible to be sold at such a cost that general public will accept. After enjoying the initial profitability generated by the low cost cars, the economies of scale and competitive market will allow the cost to come in line with the customers’ expectations. The present budget condition is the most appropriate one in order to take advantage of the ineffectual subsidies on ethanol. The present economic condition provides the best environment for an organization like Future Inc. The venture would produce an environment friendly, fuel-efficient product that offers comparatively lower cost of ownership than its substitutes in the automotive industry. 2. Lawsuits This portion of the report demonstrates the policies (basically, the ethical and the fair policies) that Future Inc will undertake with regards to the lawsuits in US. The company aims to conduct business for the sake of community’s benefits, be it local, national or international. Thus with regards to t he lawsuits, the following policies would be followed by the company: Policies The company aims to follow the policy towards increased security of energy. It will look after the proper maintenance and disbursement of the energies to be emitted during the process of manufacturing as well as during the process of dispatching the products. The company aims to deal with professionals experienced in the field of energy security so that complete security can be assured to the customers. The second policy that the company aims to follow is related to the reduction in costs of energy. It assures that the cost of fuel consumption by the natural gas vehicle that would be produced will be much lower than its substitute products or the cars run through petrol and diesel. The third important policy of the company is towards reduction in air pollution. The company proclaims that use of natural gas as fuel consumption will ensure comprehensive reduction in creation of pollution that harms communit y in several ways. The fourth policy that the company would follow is aimed towards reduced greenhouse emissions. Natural gas ensures near zero emission of carbon and it also ensures to create conducive environment to survive. The company will undertake its fifth important policy in the form of utilizing local resources as much as possible. Through the use of

Management and Leadership in Higher Education Essay

Management and Leadership in Higher Education - Essay Example To be able to achieve this, it is necessary to have a way to measure the quality of service in order to ensure that this can be used in order to compare how quality of service is improving. Above all, the most important thing in implementing continuous quality improvement as a way to achieve overall quality of service is to educate and sensitise the employees about the need for quality management. While most medical staff has an inherent desire to take care of their patient. In this regard, the issue is not about the employee’s duty to serve the customers but actually the fact that the quality of service has to be continually increased. According to McLaughlin and Kaluzny (2006)4, the nature of quality is that if it is not improving, it is deteriorating and, therefore, it is necessary to make sure that the quality of service in any healthcare institution is well monitored and continually improved. Once all the players understand this, it becomes even easier for quality to be m anaged and made easier. As Chalice5 (2007) says, using the continuous quality improvement strategy is the best way to guarantee that the hospitals will be able to benefit from the improved quality in patient care delivery. Using Software to manage collaboration and quality management Just like many other businesses healthcare organisation are realizing the need for using software technology as a way to improve the quality of service and also increase customer service6. There are a number of dentistry software, which is geared to help dentists and their staff to be more productive, to better manage their finances and to increase the quality of care to their patients. In a modern world, software is not a choice for many businesses... This paper approves that this means, only one important thing, that the department should be able to have a good priority settings in order to help in making sure that it is able to utilize the resources in the most economical way. This will, however, also require the leader to collaborate closely with employees in order to understand their needs. Leaders should not just assume that they know what is best for their department and what the priority is; they should work with their juniors in order to understand what their juniors need and what they want in order to make sure that every need is well captured. Doing this will also motivate the employees and make them feel that they work environment issues are being addressed in the right way. Managers should combine a number of leadership strategies in order to make sure that they are able to achieve the highest quality. This essay makes a conclusion that many have turned to strategies such as continuous quality improvement in order to overcome the various challenges and hurdles, which are present in the industry especially due to the nature of the industry. This combines together with other strategies such as working together with the community and collaborating with patients and their families will be a good way to make sure that the dentist department is able to serve the needs of their patients and those of the community at large in a way that guarantees quality. The most important thing to note is that in managing quality in a hospital setting, the issue at stake is not how to maintain quality, but how to continually improve the quality.

The Impacts Of Mobile Applications On The Hospitality Industry Essay

The Impacts Of Mobile Applications On The Hospitality Industry - Essay Example In other words, communication was made easier and repeated walks became a thing of the past. In a similar way, the receptionists had an easy time recording the number of guests going in and out of the respective premises (Engel, 2013). Mobile phones have as well improved communication efficiency. It is easier for a client to directly call the management to raise complaints and book appointments than with the old way of using letters (Engel, 2013). Also, almost all hospitality organizations have pages on social media and/ websites where potential clients can post comments and ask questions while sitting at their respective homes (Withiam, 2013). In the meantime, it is now possible, in many hospitality firms, to buy tickets online while sitting at home. Obviously, such clients are happy about how easy such and similar processes become and any hospitality organization that runs its operations using the manual ways of the past is considered as lagging behind times (Barnes, 2004; Hotel Ne ws Resource, 2013). Reducing operational costs Mobile technologies have gone an extra mile in reducing operational costs. Advertising costs, for instance, have been greatly cut short by the presence of social media. It is hard to find any meaningful hospitality organization without Facebook, Twitter and website to name a few (Hotel News Resource, 2013). Such social media platforms assist in reaching great numbers of potential clients from diverse background and or around the globe (Withiam, 2013). ... Mobile phones have as well improved communication efficiency. It is easier for a client to directly call the management to raise complaints and book appointments than with the old way of using letters (Engel, 2013). Also, almost all hospitality organizations have pages on social media and/ websites where potential clients can post comments and ask questions while sitting at their respective homes (Withiam, 2013). In the meantime, it is now possible, in many hospitality firms, to buy tickets online while sitting at home. Obviously, such clients are happy about how easy such and similar processes become and any hospitality organization that runs its operations using the manual ways of the past is considered as lagging behind times (Barnes, 2004; Hotel News Resource, 2013). Reducing operational costs Mobile technologies have gone an extra mile in reducing operational costs. Advertising costs, for instance, have been greatly cut short by the presence of social media. It is hard to find a ny meaningful hospitality organization without Facebook, Twitter and website to name a few (Hotel News Resource, 2013). Such social media platforms assist in reaching great numbers of potential clients from diverse background and or round the globe (Withiam, 2013). All the clients need is to know that there exists a company page or website from where he or she can learn more about the company, ask questions and post comments. All operations involving organizational performance analysis are made easy what with the use of social media commentaries, retweets and likes on Facebook (Engel, 2013). Travel costs are also greatly reduced. Aforementioned, rather than managers moving long distances just to inform other workers about

Introduction to Comparative Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to Comparative Politics - Essay Example However, the ignored internal dynamics within the Chinese and Russian economies do have a direct impact on the regime stability in these countries.3 A lopsided distribution of the national wealth, corruption and a marked regional in-equilibrium in terms of economic development, do have the potential of disturbing political stability in China.4 At the same time, the ongoing economic meltdown and the 2008 oil price crisis had a dwindling impact on the popular support enjoyed by the Russian regime. Both these countries have embarked on an era of economic growth. However, the inbuilt flaws inherent in the politico-economic setup of these nations and external influences and pressures, are making the regimes in these countries rethink their growth strategies. There is no denying the fact that the above discussed internal and external socio-economic issues are quiet pivotal to the regime stability in China and Russia. The seven year (1991-1998) economic transition from the Soviet style centralized economy to a free market economy in Russia was tragically marked by chaos and instability. In the years of Boris Yeltsin, the Russian GDP dwindled by almost 30 percent.5 The inflation rates soared to new heights, resting at 20 percent by the late 90s.6 This deprived the Russian masses of their savings and purchasing power. The quality of life of the Russian people deteriorated on all parameters.7 This dire situation was further aggravated by a massive capital flight from Russia.8 This economic fiasco had a direct bearing on the popular support enjoyed by President Boris Yeltsin. People soon started to get critical of one’s ill conceived and poorly executed economic policies. However, things started to improve in 1999, with the change of regime in Russia. An ambitious growth in GDP translating into increased real wages and better standards of living and lower levels of poverty, garnered ample supp ort for President Putin, till the dwindling of oil prices

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Project management - Essay Example The network diagram below illustrates the sequence of the Foundry project that is due to be completed within 25 weeks. This shows the sequence of different activities that will be undertaken. This constitutes project management that is commonly known as careful management of all the activities involved in a particular project (Burke, 2010). Project planning is also required in order to carry out all the activities and tasks successfully. This helps the people involved in the project to achieve the desired goals in undertaking the work. 2. The critical path in the project shows the longest sequence of events that should be completed on time in order to meet the project schedule with regards to its completion (Business Dictionary, 2015). Accordingly, each sequence that constitutes a critical path should be commenced after the completion of the predecessor. In some cases, these critical paths can be carried out simultaneously after the completion of the predecessor. In the diagram shown above, there are mainly three critical paths. The first one being pouring concrete and installing frame which ought to be carried out after implementing the first two components in the project. This path should take four weeks and effort should be made to ensure that it goes according to schedule in order to avoid delaying the project. The other important critical paths include building high temperature burner and installing air pollution device which take four and five weeks respectively. These activities should be completed within t he set time frame in order to ensure that the project is not delayed. Since these activities are long, they should be carried in such a way that everything goes according to schedule in order to avoid wasting resources. 3. The activity schedule of the project can be illustrated in the form of a table and it shows the different activities that would be performed in undertaking the project. This schedule shows the exact

PACKAGING FUNCTIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PACKAGING FUNCTIONS - Essay Example Products are at high risk of these damages when they are transported from place to place and are subjected to climate or temperature change. Products such as fruits require a more rigid packaging such as a laminated container so its freshness is preserved. Second, a good packaging puts the product together and avoids it from spilling. This function of packaging is more directed to the protection of the item itself such as in preserving its shape & size. Also, packaging protects a product from being confused with another. This is very important and useful especially because it differentiates one brand from another, carries the description of what a product is and includes the nutritional facts. Though most people would not realize the importance of which, having a packaging with poor labeling can cause major repercussions especially for consumers with health concerns/issues (The Functions of Packaging,

Management consulting report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management consulting report - Essay Example Hence, it is important that management effectively manage the workplace and ensure that employees do not fear or resist both challenges and changes. An effective workplace management would strategically empower management and employees with the necessary skills that effectively manage life changes. Regardless of what changes they might face, managers and employees are drawn towards strategically preparing themselves towards the change process. Some of the work situations often encountered are: being criticized by others for one’s work, lack of job security, lack of recognition or appreciation for a good work, destructive conflicts between and among departments, poor supervision, small opportunities for growth and advancement, a too-high or a too-low stress level, departments that are constantly reorganized, a high fear of change, poor job fits, and poor working conditions (Topchick 2001). Given the mentioned situations, an employee is certainly not expected to be satisfied wit h his job and may probably contemplate about leaving his current post and find one that he perceives complying with his expectations of a good job. The firm will certainly fall into an unsecured environment in which goals and tasks are often unmet. This scenario only proves that giving specific attention to people resource is an important pursuit and a step towards this undertaking is how to make them feel empowered, secure, challenged, and nurtured through an effective conflict management of a workplace situation. Congruent to the work situation is giving due attention to effects of growth needs, management style, and job structure on job-related satisfactions, which the management must pay due relevance. As important facets of human resources, the work setting should also give appropriate focus and credit to these aspects. Studies show that there are interactive effects of individual growth needs, job richness, and

Claims for Damages Arising from the Tort of Negligence Essay

Claims for Damages Arising from the Tort of Negligence - Essay Example The paper tells that in law, any person who has suffered loss or injury has a likelihood of receiving compensation from making a claim of that loss or injury if it can be proved that the loss or injury suffered was partly or wholly as a result of negligent omissions or commissions of certain acts (s) of another party or person. The compensation is aimed at not necessarily making up fully for what had happened to the person but rather to enable the injured party move on with his/her life with less difficulty. If appropriate, claims should be made for damages that arise from a given situation. In the UK, there is legislative provision governing personal injury and loss as well as damages for personal Injury and non-pecuniary loss. Consultation Paper No 140. Damages, in law, are defined as an award often in form of monetary consideration paid to a person who has suffers injury or loss as compensation. Compensation is crucial in most cases since the loss or injury suffered has possibly c hanged the ability of a person to undertake normal duties or activities hence limiting the ability of that person to meet his or her needs. For instance, compensation is vital in an event that a person has suffered a disability. Also, compensation can make a significant difference to life of person(s) who has lost a relative in an accident by providing financial support to the person(s). Besides, compensation is in some cases necessary to fund medical care for an injury or illness that is ongoing and was caused by the accident in question. Moreover, compensation or damages is essential in making up for earnings that may have been earned due to an accident caused by another person due to negligence hence denying the person who has suffered the loss ability to earn money to pay his or her bills.4 In order to appropriately advise Cheryl, Lizzie, David and Bellisima Company on whether they have claim/claims for damages arising out of the scenario, and against whom they would make such claims, it is important to understand some aspects of damages that relate to their scenario. First, in their scenario, in an event that their claims become successful they will be entitled to compensatory damages, that is, they will be paid to compensate them for financial loss and injury suffered from the accident. There are two major types of damages namely general damages and special damages.5 General damages are those that aim at compensating the claimant(s) for the specific injury suffered which is of non- monetary nature. These damages are only awarded in claims that have been made by person(s) who have suffered personal injury; for instance, on personal injury caused by negligence of another party.6 Example of general damages include disfigurement, impairment of physical or mental capacity, physical or emotional suffering and pain, loss of enjoyment of life, and loss of companionship among others.7 It is imperative to point out that quantifying these damages may prove difficult and judges mostly base awards on amount placed on similar cases previously. Therefore, how do the courts quantify personal injury claims? As has been noted, such quantification is not easy and most judges rely on similar previous cases to award. In the UK, solicitors in most cases refer personal injury as general damages for suffering and pain. Just like most judges, they quantify personal injury claims based on previous awards on similar cases made by the courts.8 The following factors guide quantification of personal injury claims: one, the extent and nature of the injuries suffered; consideration will be made on similarities of the injuries of the case in hand and cases that are similar and had been decided by courts previously.9 Normally, the extent of the injury usually corresponds to the damages awarded; that is, greater injuries will result to greater awards. Since quantifications are based on precedence, decisions of higher courts are always binding to the lower

Discuss the Role that Alfieri Plays Essay Example for Free

Discuss the Role that Alfieri Plays Essay Arthur Millers A View from the Bridge is a modern tragedy set in 1950s Brooklyn about a mans obsession with his niece, and what that obsession ultimately brings about. Eddie Carbone, a hard- working dockworker is the tragic hero of the piece who struggles with how he feels about his niece, Catherine. Miller manages identify and raise many themes concerning the people who lived in the area in which the play was set, themes such as family, justice, respect and death, themes that played a big part in society during that era. Alfieri is the narrator of the play; he is like a sort of Greek chorus in the sense that he divides the scenes with monologues, he also explains to the audience the themes and adds depth to the play. From the very beginning of the play Alfieri hints towards tragedy, he does this a few times in his prologue, for example, he says: I am inclined to see the ruin in things, This tells the audience or readers straight away, at the beginning of the play that Alfieri can see that Eddies story is going to end in disaster. Towards the end of the prologue, it is clear that Alfieri can do nothing to avert the play from tragedy. another lawyer, quite differently dressed, heard the same complaint and sat there as powerless as I, watched it run its bloody course. The quote explains that nobody could do anything to change what is going to happen. It also hints that blood is going to be spilt and someone is going to die. When Marco and Rodolfo first arrive they act very differently, Marco enters the house greets everyone and shows Eddie a lot of respect and thanks him, whereas Rodolfo does not show any gratitude toward Eddie at all. The stage instructions show that Eddie, whenever he asks a question about them, he goes to Marco and totally bypasses Rodolfo. Eddie shows hostility towards him from the very beginning, for example, when Rodolfo starts singing Paper Doll, Eddie interrupts and warns him that by singing it could raise suspicion about them because singing is different and as Eddie says: Because we never had no singers here and all of a sudden theres a singer in the house, yknow what I mean? Eddie begins to act differently, jealous that he is no longer getting all the attention in the house, instead, Rodolfo is getting all of the attention from the women, he doesnt like this so he stops him from singing and uses the excuse above to regain control of the household. The first time Eddie meets Alfieri to see if there is any legal action he can take against Rodolfo to get him away from Catherine. He is now incredibly jealous of Rodolfo and Catherines relationship, this is because of his incest feeling for Katy, Alfieri tells him about how he feels is wrong during their meeting: We all love somebody, the wife, the kids- every mans got somebody that he loves, heh? But sometimes theres too much. You know? Theres too much and it goes where it mustnt. Eddie cannot admit these feelings, and gets annoyed that he cant do anything without immigration officers finding out about Marco and Rodolfo because it would involve betrayal, and that creates conflict within him. On one hand, he could betray Marco and Rodolfo and go against every thing he stands for by telling immigration, but on the other he could leave things as the stand and sit back to watch Catherine get married to Rodolfo and push his feelings aside. It is because Eddie cannot push his feelings for Katy aside that he dies, whatever he did he could not let her grow up. As Alfieri said, he did love her too much in the wrong way. This play could have ended many ways without violence, for instance, if Eddie forgot about his incest feeling or if Marco could have forgiven Eddie and apologised when Eddie demanded for his name, maybe the characters would have acted differently, but because they did not this play demonstrates many examples of betrayal, justice, honour, death and many other themes. Alfieri provides link between scenes and helps the audience understand Eddie and in a way the way he thinks.

Coca Cola Bonite Bottlers Moshi

Coca Cola Bonite Bottlers Moshi Bonite Bottling Limited (BBL) is Franchise Company operates under lances of Coca Cola Company in USA it deals with bottles and distributes twelve (12) Coca Cola brands of drinks. A subsidiary of the IPP Group of companies, Bonites main plant is located in Moshi in the Kilimanjaro region of northern Tanzania. BBL also bottles its own brand of bottled water: Kilimanjaro Drinking Water. The company operates in 4 major regions of Northern Tanzania Kilimanjaro, Arusha, Manyara and Singida. BBL has over 450 permanent employees, most of them men with only 18 women. Over 300 of the employees are based at the main plant. BBL also employs casual employees, some of whom are employed for periods of up to 6 months. In the peak season (August to Jan/February), there are approximately 400 casual employees and in the low season the number declines to about 200. COCA COLA BRANDS Varieties of Coca Cola brands produced by BBL company such as Fanta Orange, Fanta Passion, Spaleta Pinute, Spaleta Citrus, Stoney Tangawizi, Coca cola, Light Coke, Sprite, Bitter Lemon, Seven Up, Fanta Black Currant, Kilimanjaro Drinking Water, Crystal, Club soda, Ginger ale, Tonic. BBL REQUIREMENT Strategy Global partners but supplying locally, including local content market Considering BBL as a preferred customers when giving access to innovation. Transparency in terms of cost and strategy Develop Complete system supplier where it adds value. Technical skills / innovation skills. Residential chemist when required Referenced definitions of supplier development (or customer development or SC development) A supplier development should function at establishing suppliers network performance, not browbeating them into charging less or simply auditing and rewarding them. Instead, supplier development is all about on condition that suppliers with what they need to be successful in the supply chain. There some of the most important functions of a supplier development program should be aimed at achieving as following: Lower supply chain total cost A firm might be able to reduce total cost to serve a customer as a result of spending more for faster, dependable transportation because the overall cost of inventory associated with the process may be reduced by an amount greater than that being spent for premium transportation Increased profitability for all supply chain participants Increase the profit is the main objective of supply chain management the firm should focus on how can earn much profit by supply their product in the location / place where there is advantage competition. This will come out when the management will consider distributing the product in the place where it seems that demand are always increase regards to the influenced factors of that area/ place. Therefore when demand of that product having a tendency of grow up, the firm should distribute the products at a large amount to ensure the supply are always mach with demand this will lead to generate and increase profit when the supplier will sell their product at surplus cost compare general cost of the product Increased product quality Increase production quality are normally considered as strong point can support supply development because supply develop it may happen depend on the responsiveness of the consumer behavior, any consumer make consideration on the quality of the product when he/she thinking on buying product. The consumer will always motivated to buy product seems having desirable quality without fear how much expensive cost it is. Therefore for the case of firm to develop supply of their product should consider increasing quality in product or services compare to other competitors in the market. Near-perfect on-time-delivery at each point in the supply chain The presence of the product or services once its needed on time within a market it always make consumer having confidence of utilize that product and after being common to them it became very hard for another product to replace the uses of this product among consumers. The supply development also influenced with the behavior of delivery product/services into the market, Providing information about products, expected sales growth, etc. Presence of communication about product/ services is one of the biggest factor influenced developed of the supply chain network. Lack of information translates into additional costs (usually in the form of just-in-case inventory). Suppliers need to become extensions of their customers. Training in the application of lean and quality tools. Asking suppliers to drop their price without giving them the know-how to lower their costs through lean implementation is not sustainable long-term. In other words, this will drive suppliers out of business, which goes against the purpose of supplier development SUPPLY CHAIN According to John, J.J et al (2009) Efficient and Effective supply chain can free up valuable resources and improve customer fulfillment system so as to increase return on investment or assets and improve shareholder value. The performance of supply chain must be measured in team of overall corporate goal for success. Supply chain need to focus on the customer at the end of the supply chain and be flexible and responsive. Supply chain can be determined with capital consumption since they impact working capital, Inventory level, and other assets such as warehouse The foundations needed for successful development Dignified process for selecting items for supplier integration Supply management should focus on determine the kinds of the services and material used for the implementation and successful of the new product. Supply management should make estimation of the total costs of the materials and services which will help on making right decision either to implement and authorized in the new product develop process. Supply management should also control and monitor all actions that will be involved in the supply market to prepare and fixed cost of the product in the market. Also supply management has responsibility of examine and invite new technology innovation that could help to increase supply development. Use of cross-function team for supplier evaluation and selection Evaluation and selection by using cross-function team to formulate supplier team contribute much on the how supply chain could be developed, supply management has responsibility on evaluate and select a team which could uses to achieving the target objectives. These teams must building by selecting those suppliers who are creative and innovator who can be able to survive on the market. Early supplier selection for both design work and full volume production The early supplier selection helping on formulating team which will be used to eliminate obstacles could being faced supply management by putting effort and consideration in the following: Targets, This will involved in ensure that the supply can achieve on target regarding quality of the product, cost and other performance criteria. Timing, the supplier should be able to deliver their products/ services on time and before deadline. Innovation Technical: The supplier should acquire expertise and physical factor to develop an adequate output and solve the problem when they occur. Supplier membership and participation on the buying companys project team. The membership and association of the supplier members with the buying product companys team should increase availability of efficient of the services agreement between them. Direct cross-function intercompany communication during the project Co-location of buyer and supplier company personnel. Formal business unit trust development efforts Sharing of technology between buyer and supplier companies. The ability of sharing technology between buyer and supplier increase assurance of supply development when the buyer explain to the suppliers how could they being satisfied when the new technology will be involved on making and increase quality on the products. Joint education/training effort between buyer and supplier companies. The training and education about product supplied should be implemented between buyer and suppliers, this well helping on increase supply development when the buyer will be aware of about product quality and improvement which could What it seeks to achieve (its objectives): The Objectives for BBL Company The target of BBL objectives of supply chain is about to maximize the overall value generated. The value a supply chain generates is the difference between what the final product is worth to the customers and the cost of supply chain incurs in fillings the customers request. Supply chain value: difference between what the final products is worth to the customer and the effort the supply chain expends in filling the customers request Value is correlated to supply chain profitability (difference between revenue generated from the customer and the overall cost across the supply chain) To improve technology is the among of the objective for supply chain management of the BBL that should always examined to ensure the goal of attaining profit has implemented To control and promote total quality supply management, this is also objective of the Suppliers chain strategic of BBL, they are focus on arrange and prepare guides which will be suitable for the whole process of controlling supply and ensure the acquire profit. Logistics (just time practice) this is another objective of the BBL supply development to ensure that the material and all items needed for the making product to be available prepare on time. The assurance of availability of material once it needed it will help on making products at on time there therefore it reduce tendency of delay in the market. Another objective is to determined and establishing pricing policy of the products, this will be done after the market researcher make analysis and survey in the all place where targeted for supply process for product, The pricing will involved the general cost for product include the cost for supply and targeted profit which will also totalized and forming product price for the last consumer Sources of supply chain revenue: Source of supply chain revenue is also considered by BBL as objective for supply development. This objective are conducted by the supplier team to ensure they achieved on generate revenue at resulted on implementation of the Sources of supply chain cost: flows of information, products, or funds between stages of the supply chain The reason and driving forces for suppliers (or customer or SC) development actually to take place According to Chopra, S. and Meindl, (2007) The strategic fit requires that a company supply chain achieves the balance between responsiveness and efficiency that best meets the needs of the companys competitive strategy, this involves drivers of supply chain performance. Facilities: physical location in the supply chain network where products is stored, assembly or fabricated. Facilities are categorized into two parts which is production sites and storage sites. Inventory: raw materials, work in process and finished goods within a supply chain Transportation: is the means of moving inventory from point to point in supply chain.. Information: is potentially the biggest driver of supply chain performance because it directly affects each of the other drives. Data and analysis concerning facilities, inventory, transportation, costs, price, and customer throughout the supply chain responsive and more efficient. Pricing: This determines how much a firm will charge for goods and services that it makes available in the supply chain. It affects the behavior of the buyer of the goods or services, thus affects supply chain performance. Sourcing: Is the choice of who will perfume a particular supply chain activity such as production, storage, transportation or the management of information. What supplier (or customer or SC) development actually is in real life. Supply development has been examined by the real life example of the company which used her has case study. The survey has been taken which could help to develop suppliers together with the problems to successes of the suppliers development strategic of the company. The benchmarking survey has been focused on the critical strategic of the supply chain management and procurement. The results of the response rate for the supplier development from BBL include the following indication: Industry product (78%), Service (7%), Consumer non-durable products (13%), capital goods (2%), Consumer durable product (5%) The survey of this indications help to study targets areas after make research and interviews with purchasing executive, quality managers and operation market managers in the BBL company. It help on making comparison of the other competitors of the same products manufacture The different types (or categories) of cross-company improvement initiatives that take place (eg. Manufacturing quality/cost/delivery, process, design, communication, knowledge sharing and learning, infrastructure improvement etc The, Company purchases sweeteners, carbon dioxide, plastic bottles, cans, closures, other containers and other packaging materials as well as equipment for the production, distribution and marketing of soft drinks. Except for sweeteners, cans, carbon dioxide and plastic bottles, the Company purchases its raw materials from multiple suppliers. Cross Company is the situation where by the manufactured company complete the whole procedure of manufacture product by intermediate with other company which supplied the initial materials which will be assembled together and forming products from origin company. Cross company involve the presence of other manufactured products which will combined together from different company and manufacture the product, this working as interlinking between companies where the communication are made and agreement established Who is involved in making it happen? Supplier relationship at BBL happened when involves the different level and types of intellectual persons who will evaluate and control the whole process of supply in order to achieve the targeted result. Any supplier who wishes to be BBL supplier needed to understand and accept BBL core values. Evaluation: BBL evaluates the request application for supplier membership in order to select the potential suppliers who can perform well in their position. Selection: After evaluation complete, source committees decide on the suppliers to be awarded as their requesting The supply chain management for BBL company has categories their distribution process at different levels as indicated from above cycle view, the cycle view of supply chains gives detail on how distribution taking place and the stage where products should passed and reached to consumer The first phase Supplier- manufacture:In this phase the process of procurement has been involved, suppliers are distribute materials and other facilities which are used to produce and manufacture product, Company purchases sweeteners, carbon dioxide, plastic bottles, cans, closures, other containers and other packaging materials as well as equipment for the production, distribution and marketing of soft drinks. Except for sweeteners, cans, carbon dioxide and plastic bottles, the Company purchases its raw materials from multiple suppliers. As describe by Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated(2006) The Company purchases substantially all of its plastic bottles (20-ounce, half liter, 390 ml and 2 liter sizes) from manufacturing plants which are owned and operated by two cooperatives of Coca-Cola bottlers, including the Company. None of the materials or supplies used by the Company are in short supply, although the supply of specific materials (including plastic bottles, which are formulated using petroleum-based products) could be adversely affected by strikes, weather conditions, governmental controls or national emergency conditions. Second phase, Manufacture-Distributer, After manufactured products by BBL company then it taking by the distribute/ supplier team who are arranged on how to conduct the all process of distributing in the place where having a duties to supply softness drinking, this distributors located and having distribution centre known as depot which is in each region where the company deal with. This involve the process of manufacture cycle where until manufacture process of the products will be completed, then the movement of products to the distributer will follower, the department of supply management take responsibility of known to whom, when and how the distribution will take place just in time without delay for update and motivate supply development. Third phase, Distributer- Retailer: the BBL company also introduces this system of supply where the retailers are invited to working together as agent for BBL company, after agreement between company, they will operate as agent and will be given discount when they buying products which will help them to survive in the market Fourth phase, Retailer Consumer: this is last stage where the products come to the hand of last consumer where BBL company intended to produce and manufacturing product to became consumed by the last consumer and the BBL supply management has read estimate the price where should paying by consumer to generate profit of suppliers. According to Ramsey ( 2001) Unique purchasing activities that are strategically oriented toward accomplishing firms goal, help the firm to sustain its competitive advantage As describe by Carr and Pearson (2002) The purchasing functions capabilities indicate that the activities performed by purchasing as well as the other functional areas, contribute to a firms total capabilities. How is it achieved (e.g. the various approaches that are used) using real life examples where possible. To establishing and maintaining to achieve Supply Development for BBL company considered the different aspect related with supply chain management There various approaches have been used to achieve Supply Development for BBL company the real life examples as also being involved. How its achieved has indicated by three stage where have been involved to make positive result of supply development. These three stages as following: PART 1. ANALYSIS The role of purchasing and supply chain Industrial buying behavior (Decision making in purchasing) Purchasing management process Purchasing and facilities management Buying business services Public procurement Market structure and supply market research PART 2. STRATEGY AND PLANNING Outsourcing and Risk management Purchasing and business strategy Category sourcing: Getting better result from supplier Purchasing, innovation and quality control Purchasing and supply chain management Getting organized for purchasing Purchasing Performance Management PART 3 PRACTISES Supplier assessment and supplier Development Supplies/ Buying for retailer company Purchasing, social responsibilities and ethics The risks, costs and benefits to each party, and if/how they are measured. Risk According to Bowerson, D.J ed al (2010) Risks that have substantial supply chain include: Production Complexity refers to the number of the product design variation that the firm decides to offer and corresponding support. The required activities include all actions related to product development, sourcing, manufacture, delivery, and aftermarket support. Complexity management is the collective set of decisions, supporting process, value systems and initiative pertaining to the most effective product portfolio such as the mix of product variants, features sets, and component choices Benefits for Production Complexity: Better product development Improved product quality and reliability Improved demand/ forecasting/ Customer Services Lower sales support cost/ resource Increased flexibility and reduce lead time Regulatory Supply chain management involve many interactions with external parties such as consumer, supplier, government, and competitors, As a result, supply chain management is increasingly subject to regulation protecting individual, commerce, and the environment. A promotional law may proved financial or tax advantages for completing supply chain activity in a specific country or region. National, regional, and local taxes can impact supply chain design in multiple ways including property, Income and value added taxes (VAT) Resource Availability While global supply chain operations can significantly increase firm opportunities in term of resource availability, technology, and market access, they also substantially increase dependence on critical resources including expertise and transport capability. Significant changes in the availability or cost of these resource can dramatically change supply chain design and operations. The main part considered when discussed on resource availability as following: Supply chain expertise Most important, Supply Chain Management professional should have experience in multiple supply chain functions and must be able to lead or direct the design, implementation, and management of cross-functional supply chain solutions Dischinger et al. have suggested that a true supply chain management executive must have skills and capabilities in five areas (1) Functional Skills (2) Technical Skill (3) Leadership Skills (4) Global Management (5) Experience and Credibility Transport capability The result of dramatic fluctuation in fuel and resulting transportation cost is that supply chain must be regularly reassessed to determine what network structure and strategy are best for a firm Outsourcing Another means that firms are using to manage risk is the use of logistics and supply chain outsourcing to third- party logistic (3PL) firms or Logistics intergrators. Security Cost The cost which has been involved in the supply chain of the products including the costs of acquired warehouse, transport, capital for storage. The supply developed will be sustain and continues if the warehouse will be allocated in the place where its targeted as point for develop supply chain network. Where by lease or by building new warehouse but in any way the cost will be involved Transport cost also are the cost which are always involved in the process of the supply development, this cost normally involved in the cost of the product when suppliers or supply management estimate on the price of the products. Benefits 10. What targets and measures are used to justify undertaking the development activity. To produce a large volume of BBL products and develop its internal and external market share through distribution and supply a large and wider range of products. To promote ability of the manufacture PET performs will also need for the presence of strategic for supply chain management this will help to measure and justify the development activities which has been undertaking by the BBL company. The way of communication between suppliers and buyer will also provide in which extent the development activities has been achieved. This may result for the The collection of performance measures, characteristics, and information describing the current supply environment is called the situation analysis. There some of the topics frequently covered during an internal review. The purpose of the internal review is not detailed data collection but rather a diagnostic look at current logistic processes and procedures as well as probe to determine what type of data are available. The market assessment is review of the trend and service demands required by customers. The market assessment objective is to document and formalized customers perceptions and desires with regard to potential changes in the firms supply capabilities. Any lessons learnt or mistake made. There are Common Supply Chain Problems Do BBL Face Regardless of the Economic Situation? The BBL company has been always working on establishing the performance of the supply chain network but there some mistakes has been done which remain has hindrance of achieving some of the objectives. For example, they know that they cant tread water on developing their people, while their competitors maintain focus. They know the time will never be better to address the strategic issues they face: The mistakes which have being involved that should be addressed and finding for solutions are: Too Much Slow-Moving and Obsolete Inventory Companies struggle with stepping up to the problem of disposing of obsolete product in a timely manner. There is always the resistance to reduce price. Unfortunately, this product never gets more valuable. It sits there month after month consuming cash, and incurring inventory holding costs until it is finally scrapped or sold at a steep discount, sometimes literally years afterward. Its a classic case of pay me nowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.or pay me more later. Supply Chain Considerations Not Part of the Product Design Process When product design engineers develop a new product, they rarely consider inventory, transportation, or warehousing issues. Sometimes small changes in a product configuration  can yield big logistics savings. This applies to retailers as well as manufacturers. Retailers should not ignore the new product development process in their suppliers. No Supply Chain Strategy It is surprising that few firms have a documented supply chain strategy. Such a strategy starts with assessing the future needs of their customers. The strategy development process then determines the new supply chain capabilities the company will need in the future to meet its customers needs. Eventually specific initiatives need to be chartered to deliver these capabilities. Unfortunately most supply chain organizations are so consumed with the daily battles of cutting cost, managing inventory, and delivering good customer service that that they dont plan properly for the future, sometimes with disastrous results. Ineffective Matching of Supply with Demand This problem stems from the classic struggle among functional silos in most companies. On an overly simplistic basis, Sales is driven by revenue generation, while Operations strives to cut cost. Often these goals conflict with each other. Leading firms address this issue by establishing a Sales and Operations Planning process to align the various corporate functions around a plan that matches supply capabilities with demand requirements. Most firms attempt to do this, but most would acknowledge that they still have a long way to go. Physical Network Problems Where should warehouses be placed in this era of incredibly volatile transportation costs? This question is a very prominent topic today. Just a few months ago it seems, transportation cost were being driven up rapidly driven by the cost of fuel, driver shortages and other factors. Now everyone expects that situation to return, but who knows when? Logisticians are confused to say the least; and the old answers dont work anymore. One thing is certain however. All firms should question their physical network configuration under a wide range of future fuel prices. Global Issues and Outsourcing Problems The global arena offers an even more confusing picture. Many firms are re-thinking the mad rush to outsource outside the United States. The long supply lines, incredibly volatile fuel costs, exchange rates, the geopolitical risks have all come home to roust. Yet few firms consider the total cost of an outsourcing decision, and even fewer incorporate the additional risk of a global source in their analysis. Conclusion Since almost all companies face some combination of these seven issues, a rich database of best practices exists that can be transferred across highly diverse industries. It is critical that all firms engage in outreach activities such as forum participation and benchmarking to make sure they understand these best practices. Once they see how other companies address these issues; they need to develop an urgent action plan to implement the essential changes. Supply chain is the frontier of competition. Only by aggressively addressing challenges like those listed above can firms effectively compete in the increasingly intense global environment of the future Future trends in this subject area. Designing Distribution Networks The Role of Distribution in the Supply Chain of the BBLs products Distribution: the steps taken to move and store a product from the manufacture/supplier stage to the customer stage in a supply chain. Distribution done by BBLs product conducted in two different ways, first way by one to one door and secondly by distributers directly affects cost and the customer experience and therefore drives profitability Choice of distribution network can achieve supply chain objectives from low cost to high responsiveness Factors Influencing Distribution Network Design Design Options for a Distribution Network BBL manage the warehouse depots as distributer centre for their products at Arusha, Kilimanjaro Singida and Manyara the plant warehouse currently has total of 150,000 tons The following is the estimation of BBL distribution cost for 2011 Region Quantity demand (Create) Transportation cost per create Tsh Kilimanjaro 470,000 200 Arusha 600,000 300 Manyara 450,000 350 Singida 500,000 350 The cost of a warehousing solution is a function of or the total cost of transport cost, holding (inventory) cost, and warehousing (leasing) cost. For this year 2011 , the constraint from the 4 regions is given as (470,000, 600,000, 450,000, 500,000). Thus, the total demand is 2,120,000 creates which is less than the 2,000,000 time limit of one small warehouse. For one warehouse the lease expense is 500,000; the total inventory expense is =70,110,125. The Transport expense for the year 2011 is calculated as follows: (320,000*200+200,000*300+160,000*350+220,000*350) = Total distribution costs are 505,000+710,125+4432500-4275000=1372625. According to Cousins, P en al (2008) supplier Collaboration module will help to ensure that future supplier capacity requirement will be in place to meet future demand requirement for new products and services. In effect, this linked system would enable a single view of the entire supply chain. Managers could analyses the factors and the supply chain simultaneously and synchronize demand and supply. Distribution centre would act as a s

Impact of the Financial Crisis on Lehman Brothers

Impact of the Financial Crisis on Lehman Brothers The impact of the financial crisis that leads to the bankruptcy of the Lehman Brothers. Abstract The 2007-2008 financial crisis can be defined as the collapse of the world financial market and it is the economy financial meltdown since the great depression. The financial crisis begins in the United States of America and spread to other part of the global economy in different countries. During this time, it affects many institution and other business such as the collapsing of some banking institutions one of which is the Lehman Brother. These banking systems in America and abroad suffers severed economic losses which forced them into bankruptcy. The economy was in the worst condition than ever and businesses was basically reluctant in combating this devastating financial crisis. The governments put fort strategic plans that will help stabilize the economy condition, they try to assisted the banking system from collapsing but financial crisis continued for many years as a worldwide recession in the European Union and debt crisis. Even though the government intervention was prolong ed this was not sufficient for some of the banking institution. On September 15, 2008, the Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy due the collapse of the financial system.ÂÂ   This paper is written to show the causes of the financial crisis and what strategic strategy the feds took to combat the situation. It also looks at the how the 2007-2008 financial crisis trigger the bankruptcy of the Lehman Brother. Keywords: (Financial meltdown, Lehman Brothers, Bankruptcy, Recession). The impact of the financial crisis that leads to the bankruptcy of the Lehman Brothers. The Lehman Brothers was one of the largest investment banking institution in the United States of America. During the financial meltdown of the 2007-2008 financial crisis the state of the chaotic economy was in such a devastating condition. There were many sustainable factors that was used to help stable the economy, but even though several financial institutions were saved by the government proactive strategies, the bankruptcy and collapse of the Lehman Brothers remains a tragedy and instead of following protocol of rescuing the Lehman Brothers company the government sat back and allow the Lehman Brothers to fail. The seemingly triggers and panic of the crisis was basically hidden losses. Causes of the 2007-2008 financial crisis One of the primary cause of the 2007-2008 financial crisis was the overflowing of the housing sector in the United States of America that rises in 2005-2006 and because of this, the mortgage rate become default and people cannot pay their mortgage. According to Fried (2012), due to this situation, the banks commence in providing more credits to home owners resulting in higher interest rate and increase housing price. The rise in the housing price seen in the United States in earlier years following the financial meltdown was as a result of the amount of credit made available that was driven by the enormous cashflow of foreign currency into the country. The real estate market also struggled in the United States because of the increase of the real estate standards and careless consumer spending (WEB: 2012, Fried). During this time is was very easy for individuals to retrieved loans such as credit card, car loan, mortgage etc., which results in the unexpected debt of loan lending among banking institutions and consumers.ÂÂ   The was also a rise in the collateralized debt organization and mortgage securities that obtained their value from mortgage payments. This makes it easier for investors from all over the world to invest in the housing sector and as the housing price went down, the financial institutions that borrow money to invest went down and repost huge losses. Secondly, another factor that is responsible for the 2007-2008 financial crisis was the existence of easy credit obtained by consumers.ÂÂ   In the previous years before the financial crisis, the Feds decrease the federal vault requirement to 1.0% from 6.5%. This was primarily to rebel against the danger of deflation in the economy, but this aggressive move along with other factors create an increase in the demand of financial assets and therefore, increase housing price while reducing the interest rate (WEB: 2012, Fried). Another reason behind the financial crisis was the sublime lending by financial institutions such as the banking systems. The rapid increase in the real estates industry created intensive rivalry among mortgage lender competitors and the quantity of creditworthy borrowers dwindled and this made many lenders institutions feel comfortable in extending credits to borrowers. The government also subsidized business enterprises who maintained minimal underwriting standards during the previous years before the financial crisis. As this happen, it increases the chances of the mortgage standards to decrease and risky loans. Some of the statistical figure release by the international monetary fund (IMF), there was some major banking institution that incurred losses of more than one trillion from bad loans assets credits and there would be greater losses if the Fed didnt do something to assisted these banking institutions. The financial meltdown as led to the bankruptcy of many mortgage institution lenders and because of this several banking systems went under pressure and some was taken over by government institutions. Several of these institutions are Lehman Brothers, Citigroup, Merrill Lynch, etc., The impact of the financial crisis on Lehman Brothers. The article entitled Crash Course there was no doubt that the downfall of the investment bank the Lehman Brothers was a major cause of the financial crisis meltdown. There were doubtable reasons circulating as to why the government allow the financial institution to collapse, because the government bailed out other institution such as JPMorgan Chase, and Bear Sterns. Nevertheless, several months down the line of the same year the Lehman Brothers was left all alone where they had to file for bankruptcy because the Fed slowly declined to rescue them from the financial crisis (WEB: 2013, Crash Course). According to Thomas and Hirsh (2009), on September 2008, the Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy, this move nearly caused the collapse of the financial system. President Bush expressed his opinion of the economy going down when he stated that this sucker could go down (Mason, 2009, p.28). Many concur that the bankruptcy of the Lehman Brothers could change everything for the country. Economist believed that the failure of the Lehman Brothers has a huge impact on the economy and before it happens the recession was under control, but after the collapse of the investment bank the economy was altered (Lucas, 2009, p.67). According to a well know economist, everything fell apart after the Lehman Brothers went over the cliff, because no financial institution was safe (Blinder, 2009). It was said by the Treasury Secretary that the failure of the Lehman Brothers had led to a systematic crisis where the credit markets frozen and banks significantly had to limit interbank lending, because the assurance of the institution was extremely compromised throughout their financial system. He further explained that the financial system was on the verge of collapsing due to the preexisting of the economy downturn. Many believed that the bankruptcy of the Lehman Brothers was primarily due to the inconsistency and lack of planning in the policies that was applied to the Lehman Brothers in the 2008 crisis. One of the stipulating rumors of why the Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy was that they didnt enforce foreseeable risks in the system and the firms risks taking shrank. The Feds on the other hand, didnt intervene instead they let the investment bank collapse and they sent a message stating that the firm needs to take responsibilities for their lack of planning and failure t o take risks. The Feds reaction to the financial crisis Based upon the 2007-2008 financial crisis, the Fed government implemented the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, which is also known as the U.S. bailout plan in cases as critical as the financial crisis. With this plan the United States Secretary of Treasury is authorized to used seven hundred billion dollars ($700) to help assist businesses during financial crisis especially securities backed by mortgages as well as supply liquid cash to banks to ensure that depositors dont lose their savings. Majority of the funds will be put into banks and other financial institutions to bailout businesses in distressed. The 2008 Act will not only assist locals, but also international businesses worldwide. The plan was implemented to bail out and improve the liquidity assets to stabilize the economy. Upon the implementation of the bailout plan the American economy started to recover because companies such as General Motors that was on the brink of bankruptcy showed improvement by record ed revenues and increase in profit margins. Conclusion Many people believed that the 2007-2008 financial crisis could have been handle differently and it could have been avoided if the Feds had taken actions. The bankruptcy of the Lehman Brothers during the financial crisis has impacted the financial system drastically and the fed government did not bail out the bank because of their lack of planning and risk taking pertaining the preexisting economy crisis. The fed believes that if the Lehman Brothers had initiate proper planning and develop strategic policy then they could have avoided the bankruptcy.ÂÂ   The federal government also believe that because the Lehman Brothers was in financial problem from previous years before the 2007-2008 financial crisis and they didnt do anything to help the firm, during the crisis they were not willing to take action and prevent themselves. During the crisis it took a large portion of taxpayer money to bail out the economy. References Blinder, A. S. (2009, January 24). Six Errors on the Path to the Financial Crisis: The New York Times. Retrieved February 21,2017, from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/25/business/economy/25view.html Fried, J. (n.d.). Who Really Drove the Economy into the Ditch? New York, NY: Algora Publishing. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from https://www.questia.com/library/120076524/who-really-drove-the-economy-into-the-ditch Lucas, R. (2009). In the defense of the dismal science. The Economist. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from http://www.economist.com/node/14165405 Mason, P. (2009). Meltdown: The end of the Age of Greed, Verso: London. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from https://www.amazon.com/Meltdown-End-Greed-Paul-Mason/dp/1844676536 WEB: (2013). Crash course. The origins of the financial crisis. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from http://www.economist.com/news/schoolsbrief/21584534-effects-financial-crisis-are-still-being-felt-five-years-article>

Catcher In The Rye :: essays research papers

The Catcher in the Rye can be strongly considered as one of the greatest novels of all time and Holden Caufield distinguishes himself as one of the greatest and most diverse characters. His moral system and his sense of justice force him to detect horrifying flaws in the society in which he lives. However, this is not his principle difficulty. His principle difficulty is not that he is a rebel, or a coward, nor that he hates society, it is that he has had many experiences and he remembers everything. Salinger indicates this through Holden's confusion of time throughout the novel. Experiences at Whooten, Pency, and Elkton Hills combine and no levels of time separate them. This causes Holden to end the novel missing everyone and every experience. He remembers all the good and bad, until distinctions between the two disappear. Holden believes throughout the novel that certain things should stay the same. Holden becomes a character portrayed by Salinger that disagrees with things changi ng. He wants to retain everything, in short he wants everything to always remain the same, and when changes occur; Holden reacts. However the most important aspect of Holden Caufield's character can be attributed to his judgment of people. Holden Caufield, a character who always jumps to conclusions about people and their phoniness, can be labeled as a hypocrite because he exemplifies a phony himself. Holden Caufield the 16 year old protagonist and main character of The Catcher in the Rye narrates the story and explains all the events throughout three influential days of his life. A prep school student who has just been kicked out of his second school, Holden struggles to find the right path into adulthood. He does not know what road to follow and he uses others as the scapegoat for his puzzlement in life. Harold Bloom explains, His central dilemma is that he wants to retain a child's innocence., but because of biology he must move either into adulthood or madness. As a sort of compromise Holden imagines himself as "the catcher in the rye," a protector of childhood innocence exempt from movement into adulthood, which is neither possible nor sane." (Bloom's Notes 22) Even Gerald Rosen states that, "It is important to note here that Holden's rejection of an adult role is not a case of sour grapes. He believes he will succeed and it is the successful life he fears"(101).

DISCRIMINATION Essay -- essays research papers

Although I had always thought that I could never be discriminated for any reason, two years ago I felt discriminated. One Friday, while working in a large corporation in the administrative department, the president of the corporation organized a meeting for the administrative and accounting departments. The president of the company mentioned that the accounting department was opening a new position as Junior Controller Management. Moreover, he said that there were only two candidates who were postulated for it. I knew I was one of them. In fact, most of my co-workers started talking about it and all were claiming me as the winner. I was extremely happy. But, I wanted to wait for the real nomination that was going to take place the following Friday after the executive meeting in which each department’s director needed to vote either for me or for my co-worker, who was a man older than me. I knew I did not have to worry, so I was extremely relax the entire week. I always loved to work, and I always did a good job, so I thought that the position as a Junior Controller was mine. Unfortunately, it was not true. Although management knew that I was extremely qualified for the position, they could not give it to me for two reasons. The first one is that I was only 22 years old, and they thought that I was too young to handle such a high level position. Second, they told me, men always occupied the highest positions in this company, and even if they understand that life had evolved ...

Monica Lewinsky :: Essays Papers

Monica Lewinsky Monica Samille Lewinsky was born on July 23, 1973, the first child of Marcia and Bernard Lewinsky. She lived her entire childhood in Beverly Hills, California—home to the rich, famous, and beautiful. Pictures show Monica was a cute, chubby child. Childhood stories portray Monica as a stubborn, spoiled girl knowing exactly what she wanted and used to getting it; whether is was by throwing a tantrum or refusing to do anything until she got her way. At her aunts wedding she refused to go out as the flower girl until the sleeves were cut off from her dress and when it was time for her Bats-mitzvah she stomped, cried, and begged until she was given a huge party at a banquet hall instead of a small one in her back yard. Her father being a successful doctor, Monica and the family had little to want for. Although she was a main character in the impeachment scandal, I didn't know anything about her except being constantly told that she was overweight and "fat." She was central to the whole scandal and the confessions forced from her by Ken Starr and the Office of the Independent Council (OIC) have changed the way people think and talk about politics, sex, the presidency, and presidential responsibility. She brought evidence of a presidential affair and raised questions as to the true duty of the position as one of a moral leader or one of a country's manager. Monica Lewinsky has come to symbolize many things because of her involvement in the Clinton impeachment scandal. No doubt when people think about the famous intern they will think of the cigar, the dress, and oral sex in the oval office. They may think about how "that woman... Miss Lewinsky" was betrayed by Linda Tripp, how she was harassed by the press, or perhaps that she in love with the President of the United States. But above all when people are talking about Monica Lewinsky they will probably tell one of the many jokes about her weight and perhaps discuss her success/failure on losing weight, which has become the basis of their discourse. Monica and her involvement in the impeachment scandal have come to represent the reinforcement and legitimization of the North American view of female stereotypes. Not only has the press and entertainment industry contributed to the superficial treatment of Monica, but also the woman herself has focused on these traits/faults which are, in themselves, societal constructs.

A research on the effects of birth order on personality family and society Essay

How Does Birth Order Affect Personality, Family, and Society? Introduction This research project will investigate birth order and how it directly affects one’s personality. This project explains why individuals behave differently within the family. According to the systems theory, families adapt in response to changes in internal and external needs and circumstances, including the development of individual family members (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). For primary research, opinions from different hierarchical perspectives will be provided through a survey. Depending on one’s position in the sibling hierarchy, personalities differ because different stages carry different roles and responsibilities. This research project will look at how each stage affects personality. Method For the primary research, a total of fifteen questions were asked to 6 people. Each of the interviewees was of different levels in the sibling hierarchy, i.e. first born, last born, the middle child, only child, and twins. In between each question, the subjects would have time to properly think about their next answer, this way results would be accurate and as substantial as possible. The first interview was conducted with a set of 20-year-old twins, this interview was the most interesting and had the most answers. The next subject was a 13-year-old girl who is the only child of her family, the interview lasted seven minutes. The third interview was conducted with a 17-year-old girl, a 14-year-old girl and an 11-year-old boy, they were all siblings and would represent each part of the sibling hierarchy. Topics about the personality and how it affects relationship within the home and outside of the home were discussed. The topics covered were: personality traits and parent-child relationships. Results All of the subjects were teenagers specifically because they would be experiencing the effects of their birth order currently as they are still at home with parents. One hundred percent of the interviewed subjects identified with, and agreed upon the following characteristics and stereotypes: First Borns: High achievers Perfectionists Obsessive Responsible Controlling Middle Children: Very Social Generous Diplomatic Mediators Values friendships and relationships Somewhat rebellious Last Borns: Attention seekers Outgoing Selfish Creative Humourous Discussion This study is supported by Alfred Adler’s theory of personality development. Alder was influenced and inspired by Charles Darwin’s study of genetic evolution and adaptation. Darwin’s phenomena can help explain why children tend to differentiate their personalities and carry out tasks uniquely based on their own individual approach to life in order to reduce competition and conflict. Children influence most of the relations that happen within the family, they decide for themselves the role they will play in the family, parents only help reinforce those choices (Schafer, 2015). Some might deem themselves as the â€Å"responsible one†, the â€Å"goody-two-shoes†, the â€Å"smarty pants†, the athlete, the persevering etc†¦ Alder, who is a world-renowned psychologist would suggest that children be raised or treated individually; meaning as the unique individuals that they are. The primary socialization in a child’s life is determined b y the family. The family helps you gain a sense of who you are (Holloway, 107). If a child is not raised individually, with each of their stereotyped personality traits taken into consideration, it could result in a low self-esteem, conflict and possibly distance within the family. The Theory of Ego development, founded by Jane Loevinger discusses how ego is developed in three stages (Holloway, 105). The second stage of this theory talks about people understanding and accepting their individual differences and through that, distinguishing variations in feelings and emotions that make people unique (Holloway, 105). Most parents might not understand the psychology that is behind a child’s position in the family, which is why many children especially the middle child, might complain of lessened love and misunderstanding. A parent should feel responsible for the well-being of their child, but many of them overlook the importance of understanding the essence of birth order. 2 out of 5 interviewees described their relationship with their parents as normal without any real problems. The other 3 however, agreed upon the fact that their parents do not understand them and in fact treat their siblings and them the same and bringing them up as â€Å"one person†; saying things like â€Å"Be like sibling A†, â€Å"Sibling A gets very high grades, why is it different with you?†. It is a challenge for parents to understand their children and treat them based on their different characters and psyche, which is why most parents don’t even bother. Feelings of neglect and unimportance may arise within certain children when they compare their relationships with their parents to that of their siblings. Sibling relationships are one of the most significant relationships people experience through life. They help define our early social and cognitive skills. The emotional connection and protection that comes from a sibling bond is a great life satisfaction that helps reduce levels of depression. They can teach us about conflict resolution, managing social tensions, conduct friendships and handle ourselves in group situations (http://internationalschoolparent.com/). Gender also has a role to play in birth order positions. In the case of the first-born child, oldest males are more of leaders as they tend to take charge. Oldest daughters, on the other side of the spectrum, are more aggressive and confident, sometimes bossy. â€Å"Middleborns are the Type O blood of relationships: They go with anyone,† (Schipani, 2010). Middle children tend to be good at making compromises as they would have bossy older siblings and needy younger siblings. The youngest child of the family is usuall y treasured and in many cases treated as babies for much longer than their older siblings. The youngest siblings of the family also tend to stray away from taking charge and might be seen as the shy and quiet sheep of the family. The only children of the family are usually stereotyped to be precious and would be pampered as they have all the attention on them; parents would not have to split attention and in worse cases love between siblings because there is only one child. Many say that only children are more mature for their age because of the amount of time they spend with their parents. My research showed that the 13-year-old girl interviewed who is the only child of the family, considered herself more socially aware than her peers and is very much accustomed to and satisfied with her own company. Symbolic interactionism examples that a child’s self-esteem is determined by the parent’s appraisal of the child’s worth, this occurs during the parent-child interaction. It assumes that supportive parental behavior like nurturance, approval, and love all determine a child’s inherent worth (Adkins, 2003). The child will be able to confirm that his parents accept him for who he is and see him as a competent and worthwhile person. The more the parent interact with a child using positive sentiments, the child will positively act upon not just her immediate family but the environment around her. The theory states that if parent-child relationships are spread across equally amongst all children, all the children within the family will have an equal self-esteem.    Conclusion As proven by Alfred Adler’s theory, birth order does have an effect on one’s personality. As well as individualistically, a child’s position in the family can reflect on his immediate family, meaning sibling and parent relationships as well as how they relate to the outside world. If parents don’t learn to properly care for their children individualistically, conflict and feelings of incompetence could arise within the family.    Citations Adkins, K. L. (2003, May). Predicting Self-Esteem Based on Perceived Parental Favoritism and Birth Order. In Tennessee State University Graduate Studies. Retrieved from< http://dc.etsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1907&context=etd> Schafer, A. (2015, May 5). Birth Order Theory. In HUFF POST PARENTS CANADA. Retrieved from Schipani, D. (2010, May 28). How Does Birth Order Affect Relationships? In Women’s Day. Retrieved from White, James Martin., and Margaret Holloway. Families in Canada: Social Contexts, Continuities, And Changes. Toronto: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005. Print. Whiteman SD, McHale SM, Soli A. Theoretical perspectives on sibling relationships. J Fam Theory Rev. 2011;3:124–139. What Does Birth Order Say About You (n.d.). In International School Parent. Retrieved from